汶川大地震后理县城区饮水简易消毒的效果及评价
摘要
目的了解和评价自制简易加氯器在震后生活饮用水消毒中的作用和效果,探讨使用自制加氯器后管网末梢水余氯变化规律及其原因。方法使用自制简易加氯器对理县城区3个主要蓄水池进行水质消毒,并通过滤膜法检测水中总大肠菌群值,用余氯比色器跟踪监测末梢水余氯变化,评价自制简易加氯器对水中微生物的杀灭效果。结果在使用自制加氯器后,该地区饮水中总大肠菌群检测合格率明显上升,与使用前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但仍有偶然性检出。末梢水余氯波动较大,偶有低于国家标准情况发生。结论简易加氯器能够对当地生活饮用水起到良好的消毒效果,但是大肠菌群仍偶有检出,余氯波动也较大。建议尽早安装适合当地的、能够根据水流量自动调节投放量的加氯装置。
Objective To observe and evaluate the effect and efficiency of our self-made chlorination device on the disinfection of drinking water after Wenchuan earthquake,and investigate the rule and reasons on the changes of residual chlorine in the tap water after using,in order to provide the solution evidences of preventing water-borne diseases after earthquake.Methods The self-made chlorination device was used to disinfect household water,which came from 3 main water reservoirs.The total coliform was counted by membrane filtration testing;and the residual chlorine was detected by color comparator.Results After using the self-made chlorination device,the yield rate of total coliform was increased obviously(P<0.05).Bacteria were detected accidentally.The level of residual chlorine in tap water was volatized,sometimes even below the level of national standard.Conclusion The disinfection effect of self-made chlorination devise is accepted in emergent condition,but an automatic chlorination devise should be set up which can adjust the amount of chlorine infusion according to the water flow.
Objective To observe and evaluate the effect and efficiency of our self-made chlorination device on the disinfection of drinking water after Wenchuan earthquake,and investigate the rule and reasons on the changes of residual chlorine in the tap water after using,in order to provide the solution evidences of preventing water-borne diseases after earthquake.Methods The self-made chlorination device was used to disinfect household water,which came from 3 main water reservoirs.The total coliform was counted by membrane filtration testing;and the residual chlorine was detected by color comparator.Results After using the self-made chlorination device,the yield rate of total coliform was increased obviously(P<0.05).Bacteria were detected accidentally.The level of residual chlorine in tap water was volatized,sometimes even below the level of national standard.Conclusion The disinfection effect of self-made chlorination devise is accepted in emergent condition,but an automatic chlorination devise should be set up which can adjust the amount of chlorine infusion according to the water flow.
引文
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[2]Richards G P,Watson M A.A simple fluorogenic method to detect Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas hydrophila in well water for areas im-pacted by catastrophic disasters[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2006,75(3):516-521.
[3]Karmakar S,Rathore AS,Kadri S M,et al.Post-earthquake outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Kashmir(India):an epidemiological analysis[J].Public Health,2008,122(10):981-989.
[4]方强,张建华.消毒在保障饮用水微生物卫生安全中的作用[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(4):353-354.
[5]Collivignarelli C,Tharnpoopasiam P,Vaccari M,et al.Evaluation of drinking water treatment and quality in Takua Pa,Thailand[J].Envi-ron Monit Assess,2008,142(1-3):345-358.
[6]Singh V S.Impact of the earthquake and tsunami of December26,2004,on the groundwater regime at Neill Island(south Andaman)[J].J Environ Manage,2008,89(1):58-62.
[7]Gupta S K,Suantio A,Gray A,et al.Factors associated withE.coli contamination of household drinking water among tsunami and earth-quake survivors,Indonesia[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2007,76(6):1158-1162.
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