四川地震灾区抗震救灾官兵心理健康状况及影响因素研究
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摘要
目的了解四川地震灾区抗震救灾一线部队官兵心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法2008年5月26日至6月8日,采用随机整群抽样方法,在四川灾区8个市县(镇)的全部抗震救灾部队中抽取100个点,将抽样点所有陆、海、空军和武警官兵作为研究组,共1284人;2008年3～4月在5个军区的重点作战部队中抽取陆、海、空官兵886名作为对照组。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对调查对象心理健康状况进行评价,采用军事群体心理应激预警检测工具(ATQMGS)对心理健康影响因素进行评价。结果研究组共收回有效问卷1080份,有效率为84.1%;对照组共收回有效问卷886份,有效率100.0%。研究组官兵的SCL-90得分,除躯体化因子略高于全国常模外,其他各因子均分、总均分均低于全国常模、军人常模和对照组(P<0.05)。研究组中,18岁以下组、女性、城市户籍、未承担过挖掘或掩埋或搬运尸体的任务官兵SCL-90总均分较高。研究组官兵ATQMGS总均分、领导支持、部队士气、自我效能因子均分以及任务认知、岗位价值感、单位归属感单条目均分高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组官兵SCL-90总均分与ATQMGS总均分、部队士气、领导支持、战友支持、应对方式、自我效能、控制感因子均分呈负相关,也与岗位价值感、单位归属感、任务认知、晋升动机呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论抗震救灾一线官兵心理健康状况总体良好,部队士气、领导支持,战友支持、应对方式、自我效能、控制感、认知、动机、归属感、价值感是官兵心理健康的重要相关因素。
Objective To understand the mental health status of earthquake relief servicemen in Sichuan earthquake areas and its influencing factors. Methods 1284 servicemen from army, navy, air force and People’s Armed Police Forces were selected from over 100 earthquake relief points in 8 counties as the research group. 886 servicemen from army, navy, air force and emergency flexible units in 5 military areas were selected as the control group which underwent a survey in March and April, 2008. SCL-90 was used to evaluate the mental health situation of the servicemen, and the Alerting Test Questionnaire for Military Group Stress (ATQMGS) was used to investigate its related influencing factors. Results1080 valid questionnaires were collected with the valid rate of 84.1% in observation group, and 886 ones (100.0%) in control group. The SCL-90 scores of the observation group were lower than those of the national norm, army norm and the control group, except the score of somatization factor beyond the national norm. The average SCL-90 scores were relatively higher in the observation group of age under 18 years, female, urban household registration and undertaking the task of body digging, burying and delivering. The average score of ATQMGS and factor scores of the leader support, fighting morale, self-efficacy, mission cognition, sense of value and belonging were significantly higher than that of the control group. The average SCL-90 score was negatively correlated with the average ATQMGS score and the factor scores of obtained supports from leaders and colleagues, fighting morale, coping style, self-efficacy, personal control, post value, sense of belonging,cognition about mission, and motivation for promoting. Conclusion The psychological health situation of earthquake relief servicemen was generally good. The more important influencing factors of servicemen’s mental health were support from leaders and colleagues, fighting morale, coping style, self-efficacy, personal control, cognition, motivation, sense of belonging and value.
Objective To understand the mental health status of earthquake relief servicemen in Sichuan earthquake areas and its influencing factors. Methods 1284 servicemen from army, navy, air force and People’s Armed Police Forces were selected from over 100 earthquake relief points in 8 counties as the research group. 886 servicemen from army, navy, air force and emergency flexible units in 5 military areas were selected as the control group which underwent a survey in March and April, 2008. SCL-90 was used to evaluate the mental health situation of the servicemen, and the Alerting Test Questionnaire for Military Group Stress (ATQMGS) was used to investigate its related influencing factors. Results1080 valid questionnaires were collected with the valid rate of 84.1% in observation group, and 886 ones (100.0%) in control group. The SCL-90 scores of the observation group were lower than those of the national norm, army norm and the control group, except the score of somatization factor beyond the national norm. The average SCL-90 scores were relatively higher in the observation group of age under 18 years, female, urban household registration and undertaking the task of body digging, burying and delivering. The average score of ATQMGS and factor scores of the leader support, fighting morale, self-efficacy, mission cognition, sense of value and belonging were significantly higher than that of the control group. The average SCL-90 score was negatively correlated with the average ATQMGS score and the factor scores of obtained supports from leaders and colleagues, fighting morale, coping style, self-efficacy, personal control, post value, sense of belonging,cognition about mission, and motivation for promoting. Conclusion The psychological health situation of earthquake relief servicemen was generally good. The more important influencing factors of servicemen’s mental health were support from leaders and colleagues, fighting morale, coping style, self-efficacy, personal control, cognition, motivation, sense of belonging and value.
引文
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2 朱从书.军人症状自评量表测评的元分析[J].长江大学学报,2006,29(5):120-122.
3 汪向东,王希林,马 宏.心理卫生评定量表手册[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(增订版):31-35.
4 王焕林,孙 剑,余海鹰,等.我国军人症状自评量表常模的建立极其结果分析[J].中华精神科杂志,1999,32(1):38-40.
5 梁宝勇.精神压力/应对与健康[M].北京:北京教育科学出版社,2006.45-55.
6 苗丹民.军事心理学手册[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2004.405-450.
7 李春苗,申荷永.军队士气理论研究综述[J].中国健康心理学,2006,14(2):475-477.
8 Joff PE,Bast BA.Coping and defense in relation to accommodation among a sample of blind man[J].J Nery Mert Dis,1978,166:537-552.
9 皇蒲恩.军事医学心理学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1996.1.
10 刘 岩.学生自我效能、心理控制源与应激的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(1):36-38.
11 刘伟志,严 进,沈兴华等.“5.12”地震茂县灾民急性应激反应的统计调查[J].解放军护理杂志,2008,25(6B):1-2.
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