汶川地震救援官兵适应不良与社会支持的相关性
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摘要
目的探讨抗震救援官兵适应不良与社会支持及相关因素的关系,并观察对其实施干预的效果。方法随机抽取146名参加救援官兵和165名非救援官兵进行军人适应不良自评量表和社会支持量表调查,并对发生适应不良者进行相应的心理干预或药物治疗。结果抗震救援组军人适应不良自评量表总分及其各因子分均高于非抗震救援组(P<0.05)。抗震救援组军人适应不良自评量表总分与社会支持量表总分之间呈负相关(r=-0.43,P<0.01),即获得的社会支持越少,适应不良的发生率越高。影响抗震救援官兵适应不良的主要影响因素是社会支持和婚姻状况;心理和药物干预具有明显的效果,使99.3%出现适应不良的官兵中有93.1%的心理障碍者完全缓解。结论参加抗震救援官兵出现明显的适应不良,而良好的社会支持和有效的干预措施,可减少适应不良的发生。
Objective To investigate the correlation between the military anti-earthquake rescuers' maladaptation and social support,and to observe the effect of intervention to those who suffered it. Methods A total of 146 military rescuers in Wenchuan and 165 armymen not taking part in the rescue were randomly selected to investigate with the Social Support Rating Scale and the Maladaptation Scale for Serviceman. Mental intervention or medication was performed to those with maladaptation. Results The total scores of maladaptation,and the factorial scores(behavioral problem,emotional problem,embarrassment of interpersonal relation and social intercourse) were higher than the control (P<0.05). For military rescuers,maladaptation had negative correlation with social support (r=-0.43,P<0.01). The main influential factors of maladaptation in military rescuers were the degree of social support and marriage state.The incidence of maladaptation in military anti-earthquake rescuers was 99.3%. After mental and pharmaceutical intervention,93.1% of the rescuers recovered from their illness. Conclusion The military rescuers have high incidence of maladaptation,while favorable social supports and correct mental intervention methods could reduceit.
Objective To investigate the correlation between the military anti-earthquake rescuers' maladaptation and social support,and to observe the effect of intervention to those who suffered it. Methods A total of 146 military rescuers in Wenchuan and 165 armymen not taking part in the rescue were randomly selected to investigate with the Social Support Rating Scale and the Maladaptation Scale for Serviceman. Mental intervention or medication was performed to those with maladaptation. Results The total scores of maladaptation,and the factorial scores(behavioral problem,emotional problem,embarrassment of interpersonal relation and social intercourse) were higher than the control (P<0.05). For military rescuers,maladaptation had negative correlation with social support (r=-0.43,P<0.01). The main influential factors of maladaptation in military rescuers were the degree of social support and marriage state.The incidence of maladaptation in military anti-earthquake rescuers was 99.3%. After mental and pharmaceutical intervention,93.1% of the rescuers recovered from their illness. Conclusion The military rescuers have high incidence of maladaptation,while favorable social supports and correct mental intervention methods could reduceit.
引文
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〔2〕张理义,崔庶,曹连生,等.陆军适应不良量表的研制〔J〕.西南国防医药,1994,4(4):209.
〔3〕张理义,袁国桢,李国海.心理医生手册〔M〕.北京:人民军医出版社,2006:61-62,163,378-381.
〔4〕中华医学会精神科分会.中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准〔M〕.(第3版).济南:山东科学技术出版社,2001:91-115.
〔5〕TANG C S.Trajectory of traumatic stress symptoms inthe af-termath of extreme natural disaster:Astudy of adult Thai sur-vivors of the2004southeast Asian earthquake and tsunami〔J〕.Journal of Nervous&Mental Disease,2007,195(1):54.
〔6〕张理义,张俊英,张志斌,等.军人适应不良的影响因素研究〔J〕.国际精神病学杂志,2009,36(1):1.
〔7〕DANGELMAIER R E,DOCHERTY N M,AKAMATSUTJ.Psychosis proneness,coping,and perceptions of social support〔J〕.The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,2006,76(1):13.
〔8〕LANGELAND E,WAHL AK.Theimpact of social support on mental health service users’sense of coherence:Alongitudi-nal panel survey〔J〕.International Journal of Nursing Studies,2009,46(6):830.
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