2010年青海玉树7.1级地震发生的构造背景及其动力学分析
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摘要
为了解2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震活动背景和构造背景,探讨其发震的动力学过程,综合历史和现代地震资料,通过对玉树地震发震前的青藏高原东部地震活动特征分析,探讨了地震活动的大尺度时-空图像与玉树地震孕育发生的关系,研究其发震构造、震源机制解、余震分布和余震序列特征,从而综合探讨玉树地震发生的动力学背景和过程。结果表明,玉树地震的发生不是一个偶然事件,而是地震活动和构造运动的必然结果,是地震孕育和地球动力学过程的必然表现。
In order to understand the seismic activity and tectonic background of Yushu earthquake with M S7. 1 on 14th April,2010 in Qinghai Province,and to explore the dynamic process of the mainshock,using the historical and modern seismic data,the authors analyzed the earthquake activity characteristics of the eastern Tibetan Plateau before Yushu earthquake,discussed the relationship between the spatial and temporal images characteristics of the large-scale seismic activity and the mainshock and researched the seismogenic structure,focal mechanism solutions and aftershock distribution and aftershock sequence features of the mainshock,which can help us to study the dynamic background and process of Yushu earthquake comprehensively. The results showed that the occurrence of Yushu earthquake is not an accident,but the inevitable result of the seismic activity and tectonic movements; moreover it is inevitable performance of seismogenic and geodynamic processes.
In order to understand the seismic activity and tectonic background of Yushu earthquake with M S7. 1 on 14th April,2010 in Qinghai Province,and to explore the dynamic process of the mainshock,using the historical and modern seismic data,the authors analyzed the earthquake activity characteristics of the eastern Tibetan Plateau before Yushu earthquake,discussed the relationship between the spatial and temporal images characteristics of the large-scale seismic activity and the mainshock and researched the seismogenic structure,focal mechanism solutions and aftershock distribution and aftershock sequence features of the mainshock,which can help us to study the dynamic background and process of Yushu earthquake comprehensively. The results showed that the occurrence of Yushu earthquake is not an accident,but the inevitable result of the seismic activity and tectonic movements; moreover it is inevitable performance of seismogenic and geodynamic processes.
引文
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[22]张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):12-20.
[23]Van Der Woerd,Ryers on J F,Tapponnier P,et al.Holocene left slip rate determined by cosmogenic surface dating on the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun fault(Qinghai,China)[J].Geology,1998,26(8):695-698.
[24]徐锡伟,陈文彬,于贵华,等.2001年11月14日昆仑山库赛湖地震(M S8.1)地表破裂带的基本特征.地震地质,2002,24(1):1-13.
[25]闻学泽.鲜水河断裂带未来三十年地震复发的条件概率[J].中国地震,1990,6(4):8-16.
[26]甘卫军,沈正康,张培震,等.青藏高原地壳水平差异运动的GPS观测研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2004,24(1):29-35.
[27]吴章明,汪一鹏,任金卫,等.青藏高原中部的活动断裂[C]//《活动断裂研究》编委会.活动断裂研究(3).北京:地震出版社,1994:56-73.
[28]邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):389-403.
[29]滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川M S8.0级地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1 385-1 402.
[30]闻学泽.四川西部鲜水河—安宁河—则木河断裂带的地震破裂分段特征[J].地震地质,2000,22(3):239-249.
[31]程建武,董治平.四川汶川8.0级地震前后中国大陆西部地震活动特征及震后趋势分析[J].华南地震,2009,(4):54-62.
[32]程建武,郭桂红,岳志军.安宁河断裂带晚第四纪活动的基本特征及强震危险性分析[J].地震研究,2010,33(3):265-272.
[33]闻学泽,范军,易桂喜,等.川西安宁河断裂带上的地震空区[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(7):797-807.
[34]高翔,邓起东.巴颜喀喇断块边界断裂强震分析[J].地质学报,2013,80(1):9-19.
[2]汪一鹏.青藏高原活动构造基本特征[C]//《活动断裂研究》编委会.活动断裂研究(6).北京:地震出版社,1998.
[3]Chang C,Shackleton R.The Geological Evolution of Xizang[M].London:The Royal Society,1988.
[4]李金臣,潘华,张志中.青海玉树7.1级地震构造背景[J].国际地震动态,2010,(5):1-5.
[5]周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星.甘孜—玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征[J].中国地震,1996,12(3):250-260.
[6]彭华,马秀敏,白嘉启,等.甘孜—玉树断裂带第四纪活动特征[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(3):295-304.
[7]周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星,等.甘孜—玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计[J].地震地质,1997,19(2):115-124.
[8]闻学泽,黄圣睦,江在雄.甘孜—玉树断裂带的新构造特征与地震危险性估计[J].地震地质,1985,7(3):23-32.
[9]沈强,乔学军,王琪,等.中国玉树M W6.9地震InSAR地表形变特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(3):5-9.
[10]王琪,张培震,牛之俊,等.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(7):529-536.
[11]张培震,王敏,甘卫军,等.GPS观测的活动断裂滑动速率及其对现今大陆动力作用的制约[J].地学前缘,2003,10(增刊):81-92.
[12]常承法,郑锡澜.中国西藏南部珠穆朗玛地区地质构造特征及其青藏高原东西向诸山系形成的探讨[J].中国科学,1973,16(2):190-201.
[13]潘裕生.青藏高原第五缝合带的发现与论证[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(2):184-192.
[14]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-438.
[15]国家地震局地质研究所.西藏中部活动断层[M].北京:地震出版社,1992:105-115.
[16]Demets C,Gordon R,Argus D,et al.Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on the estimates of current plate motions[J].Geophys.Res.Lett,1994,21:2 191-2 194.
[17]王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):415-428.
[18]England P,Houseman G.Finite strain calculations of continental deformation Comparison with the India-Asia collision[J].J.Geophysics.Res,1986,91:3 664-3 667.
[19]England P,Molnar P.The field of crystal velocity in Asia calculated from Quaternary rates of slip on faults[J].Geophysics.J.Int,1997,130:551-582.
[20]England P C,Molnar P.Right-lateral shear and rotation as the explanation for strike-slip faulting in eastern Tibet[J].Nature,1990,344:140-142.
[21]Holt W E,Chamot-Rooke N,Le Pichon,et al.Velocity field in Asia inferred from Quaternary fault slip rates and Global Positioning System observations.Journal of Geophysical Research[J].2000,105(B8):19 185-19 209.
[22]张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):12-20.
[23]Van Der Woerd,Ryers on J F,Tapponnier P,et al.Holocene left slip rate determined by cosmogenic surface dating on the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun fault(Qinghai,China)[J].Geology,1998,26(8):695-698.
[24]徐锡伟,陈文彬,于贵华,等.2001年11月14日昆仑山库赛湖地震(M S8.1)地表破裂带的基本特征.地震地质,2002,24(1):1-13.
[25]闻学泽.鲜水河断裂带未来三十年地震复发的条件概率[J].中国地震,1990,6(4):8-16.
[26]甘卫军,沈正康,张培震,等.青藏高原地壳水平差异运动的GPS观测研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2004,24(1):29-35.
[27]吴章明,汪一鹏,任金卫,等.青藏高原中部的活动断裂[C]//《活动断裂研究》编委会.活动断裂研究(3).北京:地震出版社,1994:56-73.
[28]邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):389-403.
[29]滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川M S8.0级地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1 385-1 402.
[30]闻学泽.四川西部鲜水河—安宁河—则木河断裂带的地震破裂分段特征[J].地震地质,2000,22(3):239-249.
[31]程建武,董治平.四川汶川8.0级地震前后中国大陆西部地震活动特征及震后趋势分析[J].华南地震,2009,(4):54-62.
[32]程建武,郭桂红,岳志军.安宁河断裂带晚第四纪活动的基本特征及强震危险性分析[J].地震研究,2010,33(3):265-272.
[33]闻学泽,范军,易桂喜,等.川西安宁河断裂带上的地震空区[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(7):797-807.
[34]高翔,邓起东.巴颜喀喇断块边界断裂强震分析[J].地质学报,2013,80(1):9-19.
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