地震断层的渗透性
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摘要
剪切带的流体压力因关系着地震断层的滑动强度以及应力释放过程一直备受重视。断层带的渗透率结构对认识断层带内流体活动状况、断层强度、摩擦稳定性以及同震过程等至关重要。文中介绍了断层带渗透率研究的原理、方法,总结了国内外最新的研究成果。脆性域断层的渗透率表现为核部低、两侧高的典型结构,断层泥通常具有最低的渗透率和强各向异性。在地震周期中,断层带的渗透性表现为突然增强-逐渐降低的过程。胶结、水岩反应及溶解-沉淀是间震期断层愈合的主要方式。热压作用是一种有效的断层弱化机制。当断层泥的渗透率小于10-18 m2量级时,地震会伴随强烈的同震热压效应。
With relation to the strength of earthquake fault and its stress release process,the pore pressure within the shear zone is always attracting high attention.The permeability structure of fault zone is of great importance to the understanding of the activating state of fluid,fault's strength and stability as well as the co-seismic process.The paper introduces the basic principle and methodology of fault permeability research,and summarizes the newest study results in this area.The brittle faults usually have a typical permeability structure,with the lowest value in the core and high values in the damage zone.The fault gouge is the most impermeable and shows high permeability isotropy.In a seismic cycle,the permeability of earthquake fault takes on a characteristic process of abrupt jumping and gradual decreasing.Cementation,fluid-rock interaction and solution-precipitation are the main mechanisms of fault healing.Thermal pressurization is an important and effective dynamic weakening mechanism.When permeability of fault gouge is less than 10-18 m2,earthquake will accompany with a strong thermal pressurization process.
With relation to the strength of earthquake fault and its stress release process,the pore pressure within the shear zone is always attracting high attention.The permeability structure of fault zone is of great importance to the understanding of the activating state of fluid,fault's strength and stability as well as the co-seismic process.The paper introduces the basic principle and methodology of fault permeability research,and summarizes the newest study results in this area.The brittle faults usually have a typical permeability structure,with the lowest value in the core and high values in the damage zone.The fault gouge is the most impermeable and shows high permeability isotropy.In a seismic cycle,the permeability of earthquake fault takes on a characteristic process of abrupt jumping and gradual decreasing.Cementation,fluid-rock interaction and solution-precipitation are the main mechanisms of fault healing.Thermal pressurization is an important and effective dynamic weakening mechanism.When permeability of fault gouge is less than 10-18 m2,earthquake will accompany with a strong thermal pressurization process.
引文
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[30]Wibberley C J,Shimamoto T.Earthquake slip weakeningand asperities explained by thermal pressurization[J].Na-ture,2005,436:689-692.
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