石油地震地质学探讨及展望
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摘要
石油地震地质学自20世纪80年代初被提出后,随着应用地球物理技术的进步而不断发展,其目标是发现油气田和提高油气藏采收率。由于缺少独立的理论体系,石油地震地质学目前还不能成为一门真正的学科,而是一个利用地球物理技术解决石油地质学和油藏描述问题的技术集成。其目前的发展表现出3方面特点:研究技术多样化;井震结合使研究精度不断提高;研究领域由油气田勘探向油气藏开发发展。地震资料的分辨能力、地震反射信息地质意义的认识、地震资料的地质解释模式是制约地震资料在地质研究中应用的3个关键问题,也是石油地震地质学研究需要解决的关键问题。文中对石油地震地质学的发展提出4点展望:建立独立的理论体系;多学科、多尺度相结合;等时沉积单元及其地震响应特征研究;由储层地质研究向烃类检测发展。这也是今后石油地震地质学研究需要努力的方向。
Petroleum seismogeology was developed in the early 1980’s and advanced with the development of geophy-sical technologies.Its goal is to find hydrocarbon reservoir and to improve the recovery ratio.Because of the lack of independent theory,it is now not a real discipline but an integration of geophysical technologies for petroleum geology study and reservoir description.It has three characteristics,including multi-technology integration,well-seismic integration and refining study,as well as study from petroleum exploration to development geology.There are three key points which influence the development of petroleum seismogeology.They are seismic resolution,geological meaning of seismic reflection data and geologic model in seismic interpretation.Although it made successful use in petroleum exploration and development,petroleum seismogeology study need improvement in four aspects in the future,including: ① The development of systematized theory;② Integration of multi-discipline and multi-scale study;③ Isochronic strata units and their seismic reflection characteristics;④ Study from reservoir description to hydrocarbon detection.
Petroleum seismogeology was developed in the early 1980’s and advanced with the development of geophy-sical technologies.Its goal is to find hydrocarbon reservoir and to improve the recovery ratio.Because of the lack of independent theory,it is now not a real discipline but an integration of geophysical technologies for petroleum geology study and reservoir description.It has three characteristics,including multi-technology integration,well-seismic integration and refining study,as well as study from petroleum exploration to development geology.There are three key points which influence the development of petroleum seismogeology.They are seismic resolution,geological meaning of seismic reflection data and geologic model in seismic interpretation.Although it made successful use in petroleum exploration and development,petroleum seismogeology study need improvement in four aspects in the future,including: ① The development of systematized theory;② Integration of multi-discipline and multi-scale study;③ Isochronic strata units and their seismic reflection characteristics;④ Study from reservoir description to hydrocarbon detection.
引文
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[9]Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan,Zhang Tao.Seismic sedimentology and Its application in shallow sea area,gentle slope belt of chengning uplift[J].Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(4):471-479.
[10]Alistair R B.Interpretation of three-dimension seismic data,sixth ed.(AAPG memoir/SEG Investigations in Geophysics No.9)[M].USA:Society of Exploration Geophysics,2004:495-496.
[11]Widess M B,How thin is thin bed?[J].Geophysics,1973,38(6):1176-1180.
[12]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets[J].Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[13]Schoenberger M.Resolution comparison of minimum-phase and zero-phase signal[J].Geophysics,1974,39(6):826-833.
[14]Sheriff R E.Limitations on resolution of seismic reflection and geologic detail derivable from them[J].AAPG Memoir,1977,26:3-14.
[15]Zeng Hongliu.How thin is thin bed?An alternative perspective[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28:1192-1197.
[16]Zeng Hongliu.A new definition of seismic resolution for predic-ting very thin(1m)reservoirs in layered media[C].CPS/SEG Beijing2009International Geophysical Conference&Exposition,Beijing,2009:24-27.
[2]袁秉衡,孙廷举.论石油地震地质学[J].石油与天然气地质,1986,7(4):379-385.
[3]杨杰,卫平生,李相博.石油地震地质学的基本概念、内容和研究方法[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):1-6.
[4]谭试典.略论石油地震地质学[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(5):557-559.
[5]Veeken P.Seismic stratigraphy,basin analysis and reservoir chara-cterization,handbook of geophysical exploration[J].Seismic Explo-ration,2007,37:111.
[6]Vail P R,Mitchum Jr R M.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level,Part1:Overview[C]∥Payton C E,Seismic Stratigraphy:Applications to hydrocarbon exploration.AAPG Memoir26,1977:53-62.
[7]Zeng Hongliu,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,PartⅡ:Real3-D seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[8]Zeng Hongliu,Ambrose W A.Seismic sedimentology and regionaldepositional systems in Mioceno Norte,Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(11):1260-1269.
[9]Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan,Zhang Tao.Seismic sedimentology and Its application in shallow sea area,gentle slope belt of chengning uplift[J].Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(4):471-479.
[10]Alistair R B.Interpretation of three-dimension seismic data,sixth ed.(AAPG memoir/SEG Investigations in Geophysics No.9)[M].USA:Society of Exploration Geophysics,2004:495-496.
[11]Widess M B,How thin is thin bed?[J].Geophysics,1973,38(6):1176-1180.
[12]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets[J].Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[13]Schoenberger M.Resolution comparison of minimum-phase and zero-phase signal[J].Geophysics,1974,39(6):826-833.
[14]Sheriff R E.Limitations on resolution of seismic reflection and geologic detail derivable from them[J].AAPG Memoir,1977,26:3-14.
[15]Zeng Hongliu.How thin is thin bed?An alternative perspective[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28:1192-1197.
[16]Zeng Hongliu.A new definition of seismic resolution for predic-ting very thin(1m)reservoirs in layered media[C].CPS/SEG Beijing2009International Geophysical Conference&Exposition,Beijing,2009:24-27.
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