绵竹市5·12地震后血吸虫病潜在流行因素分析与防控对策
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摘要
目的掌握地震后绵竹市血吸虫病潜在流行因素,为采取有效的防控措施提供依据。方法采用抽样调查的方法,抽取4个村(安置点)进行螺情、病情和居民问卷调查,对所有板房安置点进行螺情和公厕无害化状况调查,分析血吸虫病潜在流行因素。结果4个村抽查了178个条块,面积7.92 hm2,查出有螺条块165个,占92.70%;有螺面积7.33hm2,占93.49%。有螺框出现率9.56%～56.36%,钉螺密度0.50～4.99只/0.1 m2,解剖钉螺12 339只,未发现感染性钉螺。在23个安置点周围查到钉螺分布环境106个,钉螺面积为68 161 m2。4个村筛查居民6 519人,查出阳性115人,阳性率在1.15%～2.45%,筛查外来流动人员688人,查出阳性30人,阳性率为4.36%,未发现粪检阳性病人。抽查261座公厕,其中三格式135座,占51.7%。问卷调查居民217人,知晓血吸虫病的占82.49%,了解防护知识的占64.52%;接触有螺水体的占81.11%。结论外来传染源和现场环境大面积、高密度的钉螺是最主要的两大潜在流行因素,防控传染源的输入和压缩钉螺面积是确保灾后无大疫的重要措施。
Objective To understand the potential risk of schistosomiasis after the earthquake in Mianzhu City,so as to provide the evidence for implementing effective measures for schistosomiasis prevention and control.Methods Four villages(resettlement sites) were sampled by using the sampling survey method,and the snail status and the schistosomiasis morbidity were surveyed.The residents were surveyed by questionnaire.The survey of snails and non-hazardous treatment of latrines was performed in all the sites with boarding houses.The potential risk factors of schistosomiasis were analyzed.Results A total of 178 settings,with an area of 7.92 hm2 were surveyed in the four villages,and 165 settings with snails were found,accounting for 92.70%.The areas with snails were 7.33 hm2,accounting for 93.49%.The occurrence rates of frames with snails ranged from 9.56% to 56.36% and the densities of snails from 0.50/0.1 m2 to 4.99/0.1 m2.A total of 12 339 snails were dissected,but no infected snail was found.A total of 106 settings with snails were found among the 23 sites with boarding houses,with snail areas of 68 161 m2.A total of 6 519 individuals were screened for schistosomiasis by the blood examinations in the four villages,and 115 positive ones were found,with positive rates of 1.15%-2.45%.A total of 688 exotic floating people were screened,and 30 positive persons were found,with a positive rate of 4.36%,but by stool examinations no positive person was found.A total of 261 latrines were sampled and surveyed,and 135 three-grille latrines were found,accounting for 51.7%.Among the 217 individuals surveyed by the questionnaire,82.49% knew schistosomiasis,64.52% understood the knowledge of schistosomiasis control and 81.11% contacted infested water.Conclusions Imported infection sources and large-scale snails with high density are the two leading potential epidemic factors of schistosomiasis.The prevention and control of imported infection sources and snail control are important measures for no occurrence of schistosomiasis epidemics after the earthquake.
Objective To understand the potential risk of schistosomiasis after the earthquake in Mianzhu City,so as to provide the evidence for implementing effective measures for schistosomiasis prevention and control.Methods Four villages(resettlement sites) were sampled by using the sampling survey method,and the snail status and the schistosomiasis morbidity were surveyed.The residents were surveyed by questionnaire.The survey of snails and non-hazardous treatment of latrines was performed in all the sites with boarding houses.The potential risk factors of schistosomiasis were analyzed.Results A total of 178 settings,with an area of 7.92 hm2 were surveyed in the four villages,and 165 settings with snails were found,accounting for 92.70%.The areas with snails were 7.33 hm2,accounting for 93.49%.The occurrence rates of frames with snails ranged from 9.56% to 56.36% and the densities of snails from 0.50/0.1 m2 to 4.99/0.1 m2.A total of 12 339 snails were dissected,but no infected snail was found.A total of 106 settings with snails were found among the 23 sites with boarding houses,with snail areas of 68 161 m2.A total of 6 519 individuals were screened for schistosomiasis by the blood examinations in the four villages,and 115 positive ones were found,with positive rates of 1.15%-2.45%.A total of 688 exotic floating people were screened,and 30 positive persons were found,with a positive rate of 4.36%,but by stool examinations no positive person was found.A total of 261 latrines were sampled and surveyed,and 135 three-grille latrines were found,accounting for 51.7%.Among the 217 individuals surveyed by the questionnaire,82.49% knew schistosomiasis,64.52% understood the knowledge of schistosomiasis control and 81.11% contacted infested water.Conclusions Imported infection sources and large-scale snails with high density are the two leading potential epidemic factors of schistosomiasis.The prevention and control of imported infection sources and snail control are important measures for no occurrence of schistosomiasis epidemics after the earthquake.
引文
[1]绵竹市地方志编纂委员会.绵竹县志(1985-1996)[M].北京:中国文史出版社,2007:529-531.
[2]郑庆斯,郑江.社会医学与血吸虫病[M].天津科学技术出版社,2000:273-275.
[3]郑江,郭家钢.洪涝灾害中血吸虫病的流行与防治[J].热带病与寄生虫学,1999,28(1):57-60.
[4]陈红根,林丹丹,张绍基,等.洪涝灾害对鄱阳湖区血吸虫病传播的影响及其控制策略研究I.洪灾当年与灾后1年疫情分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2001,13(3):141-144.
[5]黄轶昕,洪青标,高原,等.洪涝灾害对长江下游血吸虫病传播的影响[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2006,18(6):401-405.
[6]张世清,姜庆五,葛继华.洪涝灾害对血吸虫病流行的影响[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2002,14(4):315-317.
[2]郑庆斯,郑江.社会医学与血吸虫病[M].天津科学技术出版社,2000:273-275.
[3]郑江,郭家钢.洪涝灾害中血吸虫病的流行与防治[J].热带病与寄生虫学,1999,28(1):57-60.
[4]陈红根,林丹丹,张绍基,等.洪涝灾害对鄱阳湖区血吸虫病传播的影响及其控制策略研究I.洪灾当年与灾后1年疫情分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2001,13(3):141-144.
[5]黄轶昕,洪青标,高原,等.洪涝灾害对长江下游血吸虫病传播的影响[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2006,18(6):401-405.
[6]张世清,姜庆五,葛继华.洪涝灾害对血吸虫病流行的影响[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2002,14(4):315-317.
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