地震救援及灾区重建中康复医学的应对策略
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摘要
根据近十多年来亚洲多次大地震的经验,联系到我国汶川地震,强调康复医疗从地震救援期到灾区重建期都有重大作用。地震致残率高,使伤员身心功能障碍,康复医疗通过伤残评估、早期康复介入、功能治疗、辅助器具使用及心理康复,达到助残展能、康复身心的目的。在救援期,康复医务人员既要在统一的协调下,执行《地震伤员康复指导规范》,充分发挥专业的独特作用,又要采取灵活多样的方式参与救援工作。至于灾区重建,也包含了康复体系的重建,即康复医疗机构、网络及其服务体系、服务能力的建设,应按照灵活性、可靠性、可及性的要求,因地制宜,不拘一格,建设起现代化的康复机构及社区康复体系,为伤残人士的全面康复提供可持续的、有效的服务。
According to the experience of the powerful earthquake disasters in Asia for the past ten years,including the recent Wenchuan earthquake,medical rehabilitation plays an important role in both medical aid phase and reconstruction phase.Medical rehabilitation reduces the incidence,severity and impacts of disability in the injured victims by means of early involvement of rehabilitation care,functional training,use of special devices and psychosocial support,thus facilitating physical and psychological recovery.In reconstruction of the public service infrastructures, rehabilitation facilities and their services are included in the agenda and programs.Rehabilitation centers,clinics are essential to provide long term rehabilitation care to those with spinal cord injury and paraplegia,amputation,head injuries.The community-based rehabilitation service system will be also developed to meet the needs of providing accessible rehabilitation care in the community. Professionals in medical rehabilitation are urged to take an active part in such a reconstruction.
According to the experience of the powerful earthquake disasters in Asia for the past ten years,including the recent Wenchuan earthquake,medical rehabilitation plays an important role in both medical aid phase and reconstruction phase.Medical rehabilitation reduces the incidence,severity and impacts of disability in the injured victims by means of early involvement of rehabilitation care,functional training,use of special devices and psychosocial support,thus facilitating physical and psychological recovery.In reconstruction of the public service infrastructures, rehabilitation facilities and their services are included in the agenda and programs.Rehabilitation centers,clinics are essential to provide long term rehabilitation care to those with spinal cord injury and paraplegia,amputation,head injuries.The community-based rehabilitation service system will be also developed to meet the needs of providing accessible rehabilitation care in the community. Professionals in medical rehabilitation are urged to take an active part in such a reconstruction.
引文
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[9]关骅．美国脊髓损伤医疗康复考察与借鉴[J]．中国脊柱脊髓杂志，1998，8(1)：38-40．Guan Hua.Investigation and reference of treatment and rehabilitation of spine and spinal cord injury in USA[J].Chinese Journal of Spine and Spinal Cord,1998,8(1):38-40.
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[11]UN/OCHA.Situation report No 26 Indonesia earthquake.2006.
[12]Eldar R.Preparedness for medical rehabilitation of casualties in disaster situation[J].Disabil Rehabil,1997,19(12):547-551.
[13]Donation from Charity Aid[OL]//www.earthquake.org/2007/12/22k.
[2]Gans B M.Creating the future of physical medicine and rehabilitation buiding on our past[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2003,84(7):946-949.
[3]Young M.Lesson from Katrina.Personal communication.
[4]Rathore F A,Faroog F,Muzammils,et al.Spinal cord injury management and rehabilitation:Highlights and shortcomings from the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan Arch[J].Phys Med Rehabil,2008,89(3):579-585.
[5]Feuerring C.Australian physiotherapists to train medics in Parkistan for earthquake victims[OL].2006,http://www.apheda.org.au/.
[6]WHO．在紧急事件中对受灾人口的估计[R]．世界卫生组织简报，2005，(6)：6-7．WHO.Estimate of the victim population in the critical disasters[R]. Bulletin of the World Health Organization WHO Press,2005,(6):6-7.
[7]陈建仁，等．重大灾难之研究：政策建言书[OL]．2000，mercycorps．org/ china earthquake. Chen J R,et al.Studies on major disasters:Recommendation on policy [OL].2000,mercycorps.org/china earthquake.
[8]Young M,Young B,Melvin J.Personal communication,2008.
[9]关骅．美国脊髓损伤医疗康复考察与借鉴[J]．中国脊柱脊髓杂志，1998，8(1)：38-40．Guan Hua.Investigation and reference of treatment and rehabilitation of spine and spinal cord injury in USA[J].Chinese Journal of Spine and Spinal Cord,1998,8(1):38-40.
[10]Chang T C.The role of occupational therapy in intervention for post- traumatic stress disorder after earthquake[C]//The 13th Worhl Congress of Occupational Therapists.Stockholm,Sweden,2002.
[11]UN/OCHA.Situation report No 26 Indonesia earthquake.2006.
[12]Eldar R.Preparedness for medical rehabilitation of casualties in disaster situation[J].Disabil Rehabil,1997,19(12):547-551.
[13]Donation from Charity Aid[OL]//www.earthquake.org/2007/12/22k.
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