青海玉树地震灾后棘球蚴病传播风险初步评估
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摘要
玉树地区为细粒棘球蚴病和多房棘球蚴病的混合流行区。本文结合玉树地区棘球蚴病的文献资料、2004-2010年4月15日传染病监测网络直报疫情资料和棘球蚴病防治项目有关数据等,对玉树地区棘球蚴病流行情况及其传播的相关风险因素进行分析,初步评估地震可导致该地区棘球蚴病传播因素加重,如导致牲畜死亡和无主犬的增多,卫生状况较差等,从而增加传播风险。建议对震区应采取具针对性的棘球蚴病预防控制措施。
Yushu of Qinghai Province is the mixed endemic area for cystic and alveolar hydatid diseases.Reviewing the previous data on the prevalence of the disease and the information from the communicable disease surveillance network during 2004 to April 15,2010,possible impact of the Yushu earthquake was evaluated.It revealed that post-earthquake conditions might bring about risk factors for an increase of disease transmission,which included more deaths of livestock,increase of the number of stray dogs,poorer hygienic condition for local residents,etc.Countermeasures are proposed for preventing the spread of the disease in the disaster area.
Yushu of Qinghai Province is the mixed endemic area for cystic and alveolar hydatid diseases.Reviewing the previous data on the prevalence of the disease and the information from the communicable disease surveillance network during 2004 to April 15,2010,possible impact of the Yushu earthquake was evaluated.It revealed that post-earthquake conditions might bring about risk factors for an increase of disease transmission,which included more deaths of livestock,increase of the number of stray dogs,poorer hygienic condition for local residents,etc.Countermeasures are proposed for preventing the spread of the disease in the disaster area.
引文
[1]He DL.Prevalence and control of echinococcosis in Qinghai Prov-ince[J].Chin J Zoonoses,2000,16(4):101-103.(in Chinese)(何多龙.青海省包虫病流行与防治[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,2000,16(4):101-103.)
[2]Ma SM,Wang H,Li WM.Analysis on endemic status on echi-nococcosis in southern Qinghai Province from1997to2001[J].J Trop Med,2006,6(1):55-57.(in Chinese)(马淑梅,王虎,李卫敏.青南地区1997-2001年包虫病资料分析[J].热带医学杂志,2006,6(1):55-57.)
[3]Zeng C.Echinococcosis endemic status in southern Qinghai Plat-eau[J].Chin J Endemiol,2006,25(5):583-584.(in Chinese)(曾诚.青海省青南高原棘球蚴病流行状况[J].中国地方病学杂志,2006,25(5):583-584.)
[4]He DL,Han XM,Wu XH,et al.An epidemiological and etiologi-cal investigation of hydatidosis in Chenduo,Qinghai Province[J].Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis,1994,12:185.(in Chinese)(何多龙,韩秀敏,吴献洪,等.青海称多地区包虫病流行病学和病原学的调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,1994,12(全国人体寄生虫分布调查专辑):185.)
[5]Guo ZX,He DL,Li YQ,et al.Infection of Echinococcus species in wild animals in Qinghai Province[J].Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis,1994,12:135.(in Chinese)(郭再宣,何多龙,李豫青,等.青海高原野生动物棘球绦虫感染情况的调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,1994,12(全国人体寄生虫分布调查专辑):135.
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[7]Ma SM,Wang H,Zhao HL,et al.A survey on hydatidosis a-mong females in southern Qinghai Plateau[J].J Trop Dis para-sitol,2006,13(1):12-15.(in Chinese)(马淑梅,王虎,赵海龙,等.青南高原女性人群包虫病的感染调查[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2006,13(1):12-15.)
[8]He DL,Wu XH,Liu BR,et al.An epidemiological survey on hydatid diseases in Yushu County,Qinghai Province[J].2003,1(1):24-26.(in Chinese)(何多龙,吴献洪,刘巴睿,等.青海省玉树县包虫病流行病学调查报告[J].热带病与寄生虫学,2003,1(1):24-26.)
[9]Qiao JX.A survey on hydatid disease epidemiology in some tow-nships of Tongren County,Qinghai Province[J].End Dis Bull,1999,14(1):67.(in Chinese)(乔九先.青海省黄南州同仁县部分乡镇包虫病流行病学调查[J].地方病通报,1999,14(1):67.)
[10]Zhang Y,Yi Y,Yuan ZY,et al.A survey on prevalence of hydatid disease in children in pastoral region of Qinghai Province[J].End Dis Bull,1998,13(3):67.(in Chinese)(张源,易杨,袁志燕,等.青海牧区儿童包虫病感染率的调查[J].地方病通报,1998,13(3):67.)
[11]Romig T,Dinkel A,Mackenstedt U.The present situation of ech-inococcosis in Europe[J].Parasitol Int,2006,55(Suppl):187-191.
[12]Wang Q,Vuitton DA,Xiao XF,et al.Pasture types and Ech-inococcus multilocularis,Tibetan communities[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2006,12(6):1008-1010.
[13]Craig PS,Larreu E.Control of cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis:1863-2002[J].Adv Parasitol,2006,61:448-450.
[14]Wang H.Analysis on risk factors of human hydatidosis in Qing-hai Province[J].Chin J Parasit Dis Control,2004,17(4):214-216.(in Chinese)(王虎.青海省人体包虫病风险因素分析[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2004,17(4):214-216.)
[15]Wachira TM,Macpherson CNL,Gathuma JM.Hydatid disease in the Turkana District of Kenya.V11:analysis of the infection pre-ssure between definitive and intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus,1979-1988[J].Ann Trop Med Parasitol,1990,84(4):361-368.
[16]Liu FJ,Che XU,Chang Q:Prevalence of hydatid cysts in live-stock in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region PRC[M]//An-dersen FL,Chai JJ,Liu FJ,eds.In Compendium on cystic ech-inococcosis with special reference to the Xinjiang Uygur Auton-omous Region,People′s Republic of China.Brigham Young Uni-versity Press,Provo,Utah,1993:177-189.
[17]Wang Q,Xiao YF,Vuitton DA,et al.Impact of overgrazing on the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan pas-toral communities of Sichuan Province,China[J].Chin Med J,2007,120(3):237-242.
[18]Macpherson CNL.Epidemiology and strain differentiation of Ech-inococcus granulosus in Kenya[J].PhD Thesis,University of Lon-don,1981:247.
[19]Anderson RM,May RM.Infectious Diseases of Humans[M].Ox-ford:Oxford University Press,1992:757.
[20]Macpherson CN.Epidemiology and control of parasites in noma-dic situations[J].Vet Parasitol,1994,54(1-3):87-102.
[2]Ma SM,Wang H,Li WM.Analysis on endemic status on echi-nococcosis in southern Qinghai Province from1997to2001[J].J Trop Med,2006,6(1):55-57.(in Chinese)(马淑梅,王虎,李卫敏.青南地区1997-2001年包虫病资料分析[J].热带医学杂志,2006,6(1):55-57.)
[3]Zeng C.Echinococcosis endemic status in southern Qinghai Plat-eau[J].Chin J Endemiol,2006,25(5):583-584.(in Chinese)(曾诚.青海省青南高原棘球蚴病流行状况[J].中国地方病学杂志,2006,25(5):583-584.)
[4]He DL,Han XM,Wu XH,et al.An epidemiological and etiologi-cal investigation of hydatidosis in Chenduo,Qinghai Province[J].Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis,1994,12:185.(in Chinese)(何多龙,韩秀敏,吴献洪,等.青海称多地区包虫病流行病学和病原学的调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,1994,12(全国人体寄生虫分布调查专辑):185.)
[5]Guo ZX,He DL,Li YQ,et al.Infection of Echinococcus species in wild animals in Qinghai Province[J].Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis,1994,12:135.(in Chinese)(郭再宣,何多龙,李豫青,等.青海高原野生动物棘球绦虫感染情况的调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,1994,12(全国人体寄生虫分布调查专辑):135.
[6]Wang H,Schantz PM,Liu FJ,et al.Infections of larval and adult Echinococcus multilocularis in human and animals in Qinghai Pro-vince[J].Chin J Parasit Dis Control,2000,13(2):120-122.(in Chinese)(王虎,Schantz PM,刘风洁,等.青海省人与动物多房棘球绦虫的感染[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2000,13(2):120-122.)
[7]Ma SM,Wang H,Zhao HL,et al.A survey on hydatidosis a-mong females in southern Qinghai Plateau[J].J Trop Dis para-sitol,2006,13(1):12-15.(in Chinese)(马淑梅,王虎,赵海龙,等.青南高原女性人群包虫病的感染调查[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2006,13(1):12-15.)
[8]He DL,Wu XH,Liu BR,et al.An epidemiological survey on hydatid diseases in Yushu County,Qinghai Province[J].2003,1(1):24-26.(in Chinese)(何多龙,吴献洪,刘巴睿,等.青海省玉树县包虫病流行病学调查报告[J].热带病与寄生虫学,2003,1(1):24-26.)
[9]Qiao JX.A survey on hydatid disease epidemiology in some tow-nships of Tongren County,Qinghai Province[J].End Dis Bull,1999,14(1):67.(in Chinese)(乔九先.青海省黄南州同仁县部分乡镇包虫病流行病学调查[J].地方病通报,1999,14(1):67.)
[10]Zhang Y,Yi Y,Yuan ZY,et al.A survey on prevalence of hydatid disease in children in pastoral region of Qinghai Province[J].End Dis Bull,1998,13(3):67.(in Chinese)(张源,易杨,袁志燕,等.青海牧区儿童包虫病感染率的调查[J].地方病通报,1998,13(3):67.)
[11]Romig T,Dinkel A,Mackenstedt U.The present situation of ech-inococcosis in Europe[J].Parasitol Int,2006,55(Suppl):187-191.
[12]Wang Q,Vuitton DA,Xiao XF,et al.Pasture types and Ech-inococcus multilocularis,Tibetan communities[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2006,12(6):1008-1010.
[13]Craig PS,Larreu E.Control of cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis:1863-2002[J].Adv Parasitol,2006,61:448-450.
[14]Wang H.Analysis on risk factors of human hydatidosis in Qing-hai Province[J].Chin J Parasit Dis Control,2004,17(4):214-216.(in Chinese)(王虎.青海省人体包虫病风险因素分析[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2004,17(4):214-216.)
[15]Wachira TM,Macpherson CNL,Gathuma JM.Hydatid disease in the Turkana District of Kenya.V11:analysis of the infection pre-ssure between definitive and intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus,1979-1988[J].Ann Trop Med Parasitol,1990,84(4):361-368.
[16]Liu FJ,Che XU,Chang Q:Prevalence of hydatid cysts in live-stock in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region PRC[M]//An-dersen FL,Chai JJ,Liu FJ,eds.In Compendium on cystic ech-inococcosis with special reference to the Xinjiang Uygur Auton-omous Region,People′s Republic of China.Brigham Young Uni-versity Press,Provo,Utah,1993:177-189.
[17]Wang Q,Xiao YF,Vuitton DA,et al.Impact of overgrazing on the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan pas-toral communities of Sichuan Province,China[J].Chin Med J,2007,120(3):237-242.
[18]Macpherson CNL.Epidemiology and strain differentiation of Ech-inococcus granulosus in Kenya[J].PhD Thesis,University of Lon-don,1981:247.
[19]Anderson RM,May RM.Infectious Diseases of Humans[M].Ox-ford:Oxford University Press,1992:757.
[20]Macpherson CN.Epidemiology and control of parasites in noma-dic situations[J].Vet Parasitol,1994,54(1-3):87-102.
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