汶川大地震后绵阳极重灾区群体性预防接种的实施与效果分析
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摘要
[目的]通过汶川大地震后绵阳极重灾区群体性预防接种的实施与效果分析并提出建议,以巩固灾后无大疫成果和保障灾后重建顺利进行。[方法]回顾性总结绵阳极重灾区群体性预防接种的组织实施,快速评估疫苗接种情况并描述分析疫苗针对疾病的防控效果。[结果]绵阳极重灾区按照政府领导,部门联动;制定方案,开展培训;深入宣传,广泛动员;整合资源,合理设置接种点;加强异常反应监测和工作督导等方式积极组织实施甲肝疫苗、乙脑疫苗和流感疫苗的群体性预防接种工作,累计接种612049人次,以县为单位快速评估各疫苗接种率达到95%以上,未发生1起群发性癔症和免疫接种事故,疫苗针对疾病甲肝发病数较前3年同期平均水平减少53.33%,乙脑发病数减少90.56%,传染病预防控制效果明显。[结论]绵阳极重灾区群体性预防接种的组织实施值得肯定,对应急接种有借鉴作用。应加快极重灾区冷链设备的装备,增加对基层免疫规划工作经费的投入,以及充实和稳定基层防保队伍。
[Objective] To analyze the implementation and effect on vaccination with group character in Mianyang disaster area after Wenchuan etherquake and provide suggestions, and consolidate the achievement that no epidemic diseases happened after disaster and ensure reconstruction work processing effectively. [Methods] Organization and Implementation of vaccination with group character in Mianyang disaster area was summarized retrospectively, vaccination status was fast evaluated, and control effect to disease was descriptive analyzed. [Results] Hepatitis A vaccines, encephalitis b vaccine, influenza vaccine were preventive inoculated in Mianyang disaster areas in according with government conducted, department ganged plan. The scheme was formulate and training was done. The whole work was publicized widely, resources was integrated and inoculation place was establish reasonably at the same time. Paradoxical reaction was monitored. 612 049 person-time was inoculated totally, the inoculated rate reach over 95% as for the individual counties unit by fast evaluation. There was any group-occurring hysteria and immunization accident happened. The number of reported Hepatitis A and Japanese B encephalitis cases were reduced 53.33% and 90.56% respectively, which was compared with previous three years at the same period, the contagious disease control effect was significant. [Conclusion] The implementation and effect on premunitive vaccination with group character in Mianyang disaster area was appraised positively, it is recommended for emergency inoculation. It should be strengthen cold chain equipment in disaster area, increase funds at basic immunization programs, enhance and stabilize basic prevention and control team.
[Objective] To analyze the implementation and effect on vaccination with group character in Mianyang disaster area after Wenchuan etherquake and provide suggestions, and consolidate the achievement that no epidemic diseases happened after disaster and ensure reconstruction work processing effectively. [Methods] Organization and Implementation of vaccination with group character in Mianyang disaster area was summarized retrospectively, vaccination status was fast evaluated, and control effect to disease was descriptive analyzed. [Results] Hepatitis A vaccines, encephalitis b vaccine, influenza vaccine were preventive inoculated in Mianyang disaster areas in according with government conducted, department ganged plan. The scheme was formulate and training was done. The whole work was publicized widely, resources was integrated and inoculation place was establish reasonably at the same time. Paradoxical reaction was monitored. 612 049 person-time was inoculated totally, the inoculated rate reach over 95% as for the individual counties unit by fast evaluation. There was any group-occurring hysteria and immunization accident happened. The number of reported Hepatitis A and Japanese B encephalitis cases were reduced 53.33% and 90.56% respectively, which was compared with previous three years at the same period, the contagious disease control effect was significant. [Conclusion] The implementation and effect on premunitive vaccination with group character in Mianyang disaster area was appraised positively, it is recommended for emergency inoculation. It should be strengthen cold chain equipment in disaster area, increase funds at basic immunization programs, enhance and stabilize basic prevention and control team.
引文
[1]王陇德.预防接种实践与管理[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.1.
[2]沈月根,顾谢君,周建红,等.甲型病毒性肝炎灭活疫苗应急接种效果研究[J].疾病监测,2008,23(9):551-553.
[3]徐建荣,叶众,杨存军,等.灭活疫苗在甲型肝炎暴发中应急接种的效果研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,2007,41(2):148-149.
[4]雷仁宇,罗耀星,邵晓萍,等.疫苗应急接种对控制流行性乙型脑炎流行的作用[J].华南预防医学,2005,31(1):39-40.
[5]李永成,王淑惠,杨雪莹,等.天津市城区老年人流感疫苗接种及影Ⅱ向因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(3):264-266.
[2]沈月根,顾谢君,周建红,等.甲型病毒性肝炎灭活疫苗应急接种效果研究[J].疾病监测,2008,23(9):551-553.
[3]徐建荣,叶众,杨存军,等.灭活疫苗在甲型肝炎暴发中应急接种的效果研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,2007,41(2):148-149.
[4]雷仁宇,罗耀星,邵晓萍,等.疫苗应急接种对控制流行性乙型脑炎流行的作用[J].华南预防医学,2005,31(1):39-40.
[5]李永成,王淑惠,杨雪莹,等.天津市城区老年人流感疫苗接种及影Ⅱ向因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(3):264-266.
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