汶川大地震山地空中医疗救援实施情况分析
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摘要
5.12四川汶川地震发生在高原山区,由于通信、陆路交通中断,给医疗救援工作的展开带来很大困难。四川省成都市解放军第452医院2d之内先后组建了3支医疗救援队,共计70人,分别奔赴重灾区北川县、映秀镇、理县等地实施山地空中医疗救援。医疗队充分利用军队作战资源,启动战时作战预案,使用军用手机、海事卫星电话等通讯设备,直接将第3支医疗救援队员15人及医疗救援器材药品空降到映秀镇,利用直升机空中转运伤员283人。通过早期实施快速检伤分类、快速空中转运、救援人员合理配备、中后期加强卫生防疫、开展心理卫生教育,顺利完成此次救援任务。通过此次汶川大地震空中医疗救援实践,提出要加强军民联合灾害救援体系建设,建立有效管理机制;加强灾时通讯保障;结合灾区环境不利因素,实施空中运输,保证后勤保障;军队应建立自然灾害应急救援预案,加强专业救援人员的训练。
Many years ago,a wartime emergency air transfer medical team had been established in the PLA No 425 Hospital. This team played an important role during Wenchuan earthquake since all the roads leading to the earthquake-stricken areas were broken off. The composition of personnel of the team,35 persons,aged 23～45,all with the educational level of or over college education,was rational with the physician/ nurses ratio of 1.5:1. Two helicopters transported 3 medical rescue teams ,medicaments,and medical equipments o Yingxiu Town,the epicenter and a seriously affected place,and carried out 283 wounded persons. Rapid triage was conducted in the first time. Each helicopter transferred 5～8 wounded persons in one time with the ratio of patient/medical worker of 2:1 and the physician/nurse ratio of 1:1. Military telephone,maritime satellite telephone service,and airdropping of personnel remedied the deficit of communication. Military helicopters transport a great amount of necessary materials. However,the experience in this disaster relief action shows that comprehensive emergency disaster relief plan lacks. Only after the earthquake a temporary disaster relief forward command post of Chengdu Military Area was established. The military and local did things in their own ways. It is necessary to establish a "comprehensive emergency management system+systems of emergency management systems of different specialties". Both the military and local departments should develop their disaster relief emergency plans and strengthen training for specialized rescue personnel.
Many years ago,a wartime emergency air transfer medical team had been established in the PLA No 425 Hospital. This team played an important role during Wenchuan earthquake since all the roads leading to the earthquake-stricken areas were broken off. The composition of personnel of the team,35 persons,aged 23～45,all with the educational level of or over college education,was rational with the physician/ nurses ratio of 1.5:1. Two helicopters transported 3 medical rescue teams ,medicaments,and medical equipments o Yingxiu Town,the epicenter and a seriously affected place,and carried out 283 wounded persons. Rapid triage was conducted in the first time. Each helicopter transferred 5～8 wounded persons in one time with the ratio of patient/medical worker of 2:1 and the physician/nurse ratio of 1:1. Military telephone,maritime satellite telephone service,and airdropping of personnel remedied the deficit of communication. Military helicopters transport a great amount of necessary materials. However,the experience in this disaster relief action shows that comprehensive emergency disaster relief plan lacks. Only after the earthquake a temporary disaster relief forward command post of Chengdu Military Area was established. The military and local did things in their own ways. It is necessary to establish a "comprehensive emergency management system+systems of emergency management systems of different specialties". Both the military and local departments should develop their disaster relief emergency plans and strengthen training for specialized rescue personnel.
引文
[1]侯世科,樊豪军.移动医院的创建及其在国际救援中的应用.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,2(2):82-84.
[2]Adent F,Maistre JP,Lapandry C,et al.Organization of medical rescue during catastrophes with limited effects occurring in urben area.Ann Fr Anesth Reanim,2003,22(1):5-11.
[3]高星.“5.12”四川汶川特大地震灾害绵阳医疗卫生救援应急机制.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2008,3(6):328.
[4]崔秋文,苗崇刚.国际地震应急与救援概览.北京:气象出版社,2004.76-174.
[2]Adent F,Maistre JP,Lapandry C,et al.Organization of medical rescue during catastrophes with limited effects occurring in urben area.Ann Fr Anesth Reanim,2003,22(1):5-11.
[3]高星.“5.12”四川汶川特大地震灾害绵阳医疗卫生救援应急机制.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2008,3(6):328.
[4]崔秋文,苗崇刚.国际地震应急与救援概览.北京:气象出版社,2004.76-174.
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