“5·12”地震后汶川县居民健康教育状况分析
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摘要
目的了解地震后居民卫生行为情况,评价健康教育效果。方法2008-07-09/11,采用分层定群抽样方法,抽取汶川县七盘沟社区(城市集中安置)、威州镇铁邑村(农村分散安置)、绵池镇(农村集中安置)3个点,各点选取30户,每户抽取家庭主要成员1人,进行问卷调查。结果居民对喝不干净水会传播疾病,饮水传播肠道传染病、寄生虫病,苍蝇传播痢疾、深部外伤应该注射破伤风类毒素的主要卫生知识知晓率均在80%以上;居民获得健康教育知识中电视、宣传资料、防疫队员讲解、广播的方式,分别是47.8%、43.3%、37.8%和35.6%,城区获得方式更多样;46.5%的被调查者在有卫生需求时首先想到从防疫队伍处获得帮助;95.2%的被调查者对饮水进行了消毒,使用煮沸消毒的占76.7%;从不喝生水的行为从地震前的41.6%上升到地震2周内的80.5%,到地震后2月的88.5%,经常喝生水的行为从地震前的27%下降到地震后的2.3%;完全做到饭前便后洗手的从地震前的34.1%上升到调查时的45.5%,经常不洗手的从27%下降到2.3%。结论汶川县地震后通过多种宣传手段,居民的健康知识得到普及,健康行为与地震前相比有了很大的改善并维持到灾后2个月,行为基本形成。防疫队员讲解与帮助是健康促进的很好手段。
Objective The post-quake investigation was conducted in Wenchuan County from 9 to 11,July,2008 to understand the health behavior of the residents in Wenchuan after the earthquake on May,12 and evaluate the effect of health education interventions.Method Three investigation sites were selected in Qipangou Community(urban centralized resettlement site),Tieyi Village in Weizhou Township(rural scattered resettlement site)and Mianchi Township(rural scattered resettlement site)by stratified and grouping sampling method.In each site,30 households were selected and one member in each household was interviewed.The results were analyzed by SPSS software.Result The results had no significant statistical differences on age and gender,but the significant statistical differences were observed on education degree and ethnic.80% of the subjects interviewed knew that drinking unclean water could cause diseases,including intestine,parasitic and fly-born diseases,and that tetanus toxoids should be injected after deep trauma.47.8% of the residents obtained health related knowledge from TV,followed by 43.3% from propaganda material,37.8% from the interpretation by anti-epidemic team members,and 35.6% from broadcasting.46.5% of the subjects interviewed said they should consult anti-epidemic team when they need help.95.2% of them said they disinfected the drinking water,and 76.7% boiled their drinking water.The proportion of interviewed subjects who never drank unboiled water increased to 80.5% within 2 weeks after the earthquake from 41.6% before the earthquake,and that who often drank unboiled water decreased to 2.3% from 27%.the compliance rate of handwashing before meals and after stools increased to 45.5% at the investigation from 34.1% before the earthquake,and the uncompliance rate decreased to 2.3% from 27%.Conclusion After the earthquake in Wenchuan County,various health propagandas were conducted,which greatly improved and strengthened the residents' health behaviors compared with pre-quake era.Health education was one of the important interventions to contribute to the fact that no disease epidemics occurred after this severe disaster with the health promotion by the interpretations and aids from the anti-epidemic teams.
Objective The post-quake investigation was conducted in Wenchuan County from 9 to 11,July,2008 to understand the health behavior of the residents in Wenchuan after the earthquake on May,12 and evaluate the effect of health education interventions.Method Three investigation sites were selected in Qipangou Community(urban centralized resettlement site),Tieyi Village in Weizhou Township(rural scattered resettlement site)and Mianchi Township(rural scattered resettlement site)by stratified and grouping sampling method.In each site,30 households were selected and one member in each household was interviewed.The results were analyzed by SPSS software.Result The results had no significant statistical differences on age and gender,but the significant statistical differences were observed on education degree and ethnic.80% of the subjects interviewed knew that drinking unclean water could cause diseases,including intestine,parasitic and fly-born diseases,and that tetanus toxoids should be injected after deep trauma.47.8% of the residents obtained health related knowledge from TV,followed by 43.3% from propaganda material,37.8% from the interpretation by anti-epidemic team members,and 35.6% from broadcasting.46.5% of the subjects interviewed said they should consult anti-epidemic team when they need help.95.2% of them said they disinfected the drinking water,and 76.7% boiled their drinking water.The proportion of interviewed subjects who never drank unboiled water increased to 80.5% within 2 weeks after the earthquake from 41.6% before the earthquake,and that who often drank unboiled water decreased to 2.3% from 27%.the compliance rate of handwashing before meals and after stools increased to 45.5% at the investigation from 34.1% before the earthquake,and the uncompliance rate decreased to 2.3% from 27%.Conclusion After the earthquake in Wenchuan County,various health propagandas were conducted,which greatly improved and strengthened the residents' health behaviors compared with pre-quake era.Health education was one of the important interventions to contribute to the fact that no disease epidemics occurred after this severe disaster with the health promotion by the interpretations and aids from the anti-epidemic teams.
引文
[1]孙建国,姜海,全凯,等.地震灾区卫生防病工作中的健康教育策略研究[J].中国健康教育网,2008-06-27.
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[6]潘宝骏,罗招福,赖惠川,等.一农村中学伤寒水传暴发调查研究[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2003,9(6):3-5.
[2]姜亚伟,任学锋.健康教育在洪水灾害时期的应用浅析[J].健康教育与健康促进,2007(3).
[3]田本淳.灾害地区健康教育效果调查报告[J].中国健康教育,2000(6):346-348.
[4]吕久余,凌媛,梁惠琦,等.郊区居民卫生知识与行为的调查分析[J].现代预防医学,2003,30(2):214-215.
[5]陆朝国,石作宏,陈梅,等.贵阳市伤寒流行因素调查及控制[J].现代预防医学,2006,33(5):814-216.
[6]潘宝骏,罗招福,赖惠川,等.一农村中学伤寒水传暴发调查研究[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2003,9(6):3-5.
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