地震灾后儿童群体性免疫预防实施情况分析
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摘要
目的及时总结"5.12"汶川大地震灾后甲肝、乙脑疫苗预防接种工作经验,为自然灾害后开展群体性免疫预防工作提供参考。方法按照《江油市地震后甲肝、乙脑预防接种实施方案》开展群体性接种工作。对彰明镇等4个乡镇实施技术指导、现场督导和接种率快速评估。结果4个乡镇甲肝疫苗报告接种率为97.2%(3666/3773),乙脑疫苗报告接种率为99.2%(1389/1400)。快速评估共调查180名儿童,甲肝疫苗接种率为98.1%(155/158),乙脑疫苗接种率为97.3%(73/75)。快速评估结果与报告接种率基本一致。结论本次地震灾后群体性接种活动进展顺利,达到预期指标。灾后开展群体性预防接种需加强调配和培训医务人员,做好接种对象摸底工作,确保安全的接种场所,提供足够疫苗和冷链设备等。
Objective To summarize the experience of the vaccination program after Wenchuan earthquake, and serve as a reference of vaccination program after natural disasters. Method The vaccination program was conducted according to 《The strategy of hepatitis A and enciphalitits B vaccination after earthquake of Jiangyou city》. Technical instruction and on site monitoring were provided for 4 towns. The vaccination rate was estimated. Result The vaccination rates of hepatitis A and Japanese encephalitis B were 97.2% (3666/3773) and 99.2%(1389/1400), respectively. The vaccination rates of hepatitis A and Japanese encephalitis B among the children were 98.1%(155/158) and 97.3%(73/75), respectively. The reported vaccination rate was agreed with our survey. Conclusion The vaccination program was conducted successfully. We need to strengthen the allocation of medical staff and provide enough training for them. We should collect enough information about the target population for vaccination and ensure the location for vaccination to be safe and provide sufficient cold storage facilities.
Objective To summarize the experience of the vaccination program after Wenchuan earthquake, and serve as a reference of vaccination program after natural disasters. Method The vaccination program was conducted according to 《The strategy of hepatitis A and enciphalitits B vaccination after earthquake of Jiangyou city》. Technical instruction and on site monitoring were provided for 4 towns. The vaccination rate was estimated. Result The vaccination rates of hepatitis A and Japanese encephalitis B were 97.2% (3666/3773) and 99.2%(1389/1400), respectively. The vaccination rates of hepatitis A and Japanese encephalitis B among the children were 98.1%(155/158) and 97.3%(73/75), respectively. The reported vaccination rate was agreed with our survey. Conclusion The vaccination program was conducted successfully. We need to strengthen the allocation of medical staff and provide enough training for them. We should collect enough information about the target population for vaccination and ensure the location for vaccination to be safe and provide sufficient cold storage facilities.
引文
卫生部办公厅.卫生部办公厅关于印发地震灾区预防接种指南的通知[Z].2008.5.
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曾光,訾维廉,于国伟,等.中国两次特大自然灾害后的公共卫生服务[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(2):87-89.
刘劲松,刘亚平,唐煜辉.地震灾害后防病工作的探讨[J].中国预防医学杂志,2006,7(5):495.
中国疾病预防控制中心.中国四川省地震灾区重点传染病风险初步评估报告[R].2008:1-28.
张豪.浅谈洪涝灾害引发疫病的免疫策略[J].中国汁划免疫.1999,5(3):167-168.
Watson JT,Gayer M,Connolly MA.Epidemics after naturaldisasters[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2007,13(1):1-5.
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