汶川地震老年伤员康复需求调查分析
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摘要
目的:了解汶川地震老年伤员存在的身体结构与功能受损程度及活动、参与能力受限程度,明确其康复护理需求。方法:方便抽样的方法选取研究对象,采用自行设计的调查表由康复医师在征得其同意后对其完成资料的收集。结果:共选取研究对象40名。伤员存在多系统多器官的结构和功能受损,存在呼吸道感染者4例(10%),截肢者2例(5%),颅脑损伤导致瘫痪者1例(2.5%),骨折者28例(70%)。伤后早期即出现运动功能的下降,26例(65%)患者存在关节活动受限,26例(65%)肌力下降。疼痛是需要解决的一个重要问题,19例(47.5%)患者存在不同程度的疼痛问题。伤后老年伤员日常活动生活能力下降,生活能基本自理者仅13例(32.5%);参与能力受限也是一个不容忽视的问题,职业能力受限者36例(90%),休闲娱乐能力受限者33例(82.5%),社交能力受限者25例(62.5%)。结论:老年伤员的康复现状不容乐观,应该引起重视,康复治疗需要及早进行。
Objective: Understand the extent of limitation of activity and participation and impairment of organs and function of old people wounded in Wenchuan Earthquake,make clear their rehabilitative and nursing needs.Methods: choose subjects with convenience sampling,self –made questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: 40 subjectswere studied.Multiple system organs were impaired of the wounded.4 wounded were attacked by respiratory tract infection,2 wounded become amputees,and one old people become paralysis because of brain injury,28 old people got bone fracture.Function decline occurred early after injury,26 old people suffered confined function of joints,26 old peopled suffered muscle strength descent.Pain was an important problem needed to be solved,19 old people sustained pain of inordinately.The activity of daily life of old people decreased after injury,only 13 old people can live independently;Confined ability of participation was one question that should not be neglected,competence of 36 old people was limited,ability of leisure and entertainment of 33 old people was restricted,while 25 old people was restricted in social interaction.Conclusion: The rehabilitative status was not optimistic,needing to be attached importance to.Rehabilitation therapy should be conducted as early as possible.
Objective: Understand the extent of limitation of activity and participation and impairment of organs and function of old people wounded in Wenchuan Earthquake,make clear their rehabilitative and nursing needs.Methods: choose subjects with convenience sampling,self –made questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: 40 subjectswere studied.Multiple system organs were impaired of the wounded.4 wounded were attacked by respiratory tract infection,2 wounded become amputees,and one old people become paralysis because of brain injury,28 old people got bone fracture.Function decline occurred early after injury,26 old people suffered confined function of joints,26 old peopled suffered muscle strength descent.Pain was an important problem needed to be solved,19 old people sustained pain of inordinately.The activity of daily life of old people decreased after injury,only 13 old people can live independently;Confined ability of participation was one question that should not be neglected,competence of 36 old people was limited,ability of leisure and entertainment of 33 old people was restricted,while 25 old people was restricted in social interaction.Conclusion: The rehabilitative status was not optimistic,needing to be attached importance to.Rehabilitation therapy should be conducted as early as possible.
引文
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[2]FRIEDMAN E.Coping with calamity.How well does healthcaredisaster planning work?[J]JAMA,1994,272:1875-1879.
[3]MULLER JE,VERRIER RL.Triggering of sudden death-lessonsfrom an earthquake[J].N Engl J Med,1996,334:460-461.
[4]卓大宏.在地震灾害救援及灾区重建中充分发挥康复医学的作用[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(6):483-486.
[5]殷磊.老年护理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:2.
[6]南登崑.康复医学[M].第3版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:5,76.
[7]MITCHO K,YANKO J.Acute care management of spinal cordinjuries[J].Crit Care Nurs Q,1999,22(2):60-79.
[8]KIERNEY PC,ENGRAV LH,ISIK FF,et al.Results of 268pressure sores in 158 patients managed jointly by plastic surgeryand rehabilitation medicine[J].Plast Reconstruct Surg,1997,102:765-771.
[9]薛丽.疼痛的测量方法[J].实用护理杂志,1996,12(1):10.
[10]中华医学会骨科学分会.骨科常见疼痛的处理专家建议[J].中华骨科杂志,2008,28(1):78-81.
[11]GHOLAM R,ALIAKBAR M,KOUROSH M.Reports from Spi-nal Cord Injury Patients Eight Months after the 2003 Earthquakein Bam Iran[J].Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007,86(11):912?917.
[12]CHEN D,APPLE DF,HUDSON LM,et al.Medal complica-tions during acute rehabilitation following spinal cord injury:Cur-rent experience of the model systems[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,1999,80:1397-1401.
[13]OTTENBACHER KJ,SMITH PM,ILLIG SB,et al.Trends inlength of stay,living setting function outcome,and mortality fol-lowing medical rehabilitation[J].JAMA,2004,292:1687-1695.
[14]蒋重清,姚潇囡,李敏.城市老年人社会角色的三维调查[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2008,16(4):475-477.
[15]卓大宏.在地震救援及灾区重建中充分发挥康复医学的作用[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(6):483-486.
[16]岳丽霞,欧国强.灾害发生时影响居民心理承受能力的社会心理因素分析[J].灾害学,2006,21(1):113-116.
[17]ELKLIT,A.The aftermath of an industrial disaster[J].Acta Psy-chiatrica Scandinavica,1997,96(supplement no.392):1-25.
[18]MACNEIL G,STEWART JC,KAUFMAN AV.Social supportas potential moderator of adolescent delinquent behaviors[J].Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal,2000,17(5):361-379.
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