5·12地震灾区老年人的抑郁情绪和生活满意度及其相关因素调查
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摘要
目的探讨5.12地震灾区老年人的抑郁情绪、生活满意度及其相关因素。方法5.12地震后8个月,采用Scl-90抑郁分量表、躯体化分量表、生活满意度量表以及心理韧性量表和社会支持量表对灾区的70名老年组被试和139名青年对照组被试进行施测。结果灾区老年人的抑郁得分略高于青年人(t=1.68,P=0.09),躯体化得分显著高于青年人(t=3.198,P<0.01),生活满意度得分显著高于青年人(t=6.20,P<0.001),老年人的心理韧性得分也显著高于青年人(t=3.11,P<0.01),而社会支持得分显著低于青年人(t=-3.29,P<0.01);心理韧性正向预测生活满意度(β=0.34,P<0.001),而与抑郁、躯体化无关,社会支持负向预测抑郁情绪(β=-0.33,P<0.001),同时正向预测生活满意度(β=0.19,P<0.001)和韧性(β=0.22,P<0.001)。结论与灾区青年人相比,灾区老年人同时表现出较高的抑郁情绪、躯体化和较高的生活满意度,这与老年人拥有较低的社会支持和较高的心理韧性有关,但心理韧性并不能帮助他们缓解抑郁情绪和躯体化,甚至还受到社会支持减少的潜在影响。
Objective To explore the depression and life satisfaction of the elderly and its related factors in Sichuan earthquake area.Methods Depression and Somatization subscale of Scl-90,Satisfaction With Life Scale,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Social Support Scale were used upon 70 elder adults and 139 young counterparts.Results The elder adults endorsed slightly more depression,and endorsed significantly more somatization,life satisfaction and resilience than the youth,while less social support than the youth(P<0.01).Resilience positively predicted life satisfaction,while didn't associate with depression and somatization. Social support negatively predicted depression,while positively predicted life satisfaction.Conclusions Compared with the youth in the earthquake area,the elderly revealed obvious depression,somatization as well as life satisfaction,which is related to low social support and high resilience of them,whereas the resilience can not help release their depression and somatization,even be affected by less social surpport.
Objective To explore the depression and life satisfaction of the elderly and its related factors in Sichuan earthquake area.Methods Depression and Somatization subscale of Scl-90,Satisfaction With Life Scale,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Social Support Scale were used upon 70 elder adults and 139 young counterparts.Results The elder adults endorsed slightly more depression,and endorsed significantly more somatization,life satisfaction and resilience than the youth,while less social support than the youth(P<0.01).Resilience positively predicted life satisfaction,while didn't associate with depression and somatization. Social support negatively predicted depression,while positively predicted life satisfaction.Conclusions Compared with the youth in the earthquake area,the elderly revealed obvious depression,somatization as well as life satisfaction,which is related to low social support and high resilience of them,whereas the resilience can not help release their depression and somatization,even be affected by less social surpport.
引文
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9肖水源.社会支持评定量表的理论基础与研究应用〔J〕.临床精神医学杂志,1994;4(2):98-100.
10Ryder A,Yang J,Zhu X,et al.The cultural ahaping of sepression:so-matic symptoms in China,psychological symptoms in North America〔J〕?J Abnorm Psychol,2008;117(2):300-13.
11连雅棻,黄惠满,苏贞瑛.小区独居老人格韧性,社会支持与生活满意度相关性研究〔J〕.长期照护杂志,2008;12(2):161-78.
12Bonanno G.Loss,trauma,and human resilience〔J〕.Am Psychol,2004;59(1):20-8.
13Carstensen L,Mikels J.At the intersection of emotion and cognition〔J〕.Curr Dire Psychol Sci,2005;14(3):117.
14Carstensen L.The influence of a sense of time on human development〔J〕.Science,2006;312(5782):1913-5.
15Chachamovich E,Fleck M,Laidlaw K,et al.Impact of major depression and subsyndromal symptoms on quality of life and attitudes toward aging in an international sample of older adults〔J〕.Gerontologist,2008;48(5):593.
16Pavot W,Diener E.The affective and cognitive context of self-reported measures of subjective well-being〔J〕.Soc Indica Res,1993;28(1):1-20.
17Schimmack U,Oishi S,Diener E.Cultural influences on the relation be-tween pleasant emotions and unpleasant emotions:asian dialectic philos-ophies or individualism-collectivism〔J〕?Cogn Emotion,2002;16(6):705-19.
2Acierno R,Ruggiero K,Kilpatrick D,et al.Risk and protective factors for psychopathology among older versus younger adults after the2004Florida hurricanes〔J〕.Am J Geriatr Psychiat,2006;14(12):1051-9.
3Seplaki C,Goldman N,Weinstein M,et al.Before and after the1999Chi-Chi earthquake:traumatic events and depressive symptoms in an older population〔J〕.Soc Sci Med,2006;62(12):3121-32.
4辛久岭,吴胜涛,吴坎坎,等.四川灾区群众社会支持系统现状及其与主观幸福感的关系〔J〕.心理科学进展,2009;17(3):532-6.
5杨戎,刘平,吴振云.从汶川地震看灾难中老年人的弱点及救灾和重建策略〔J〕.中国老年学杂志,2009;29(1):123-5.
6吴文源,王征宇.症状自评量表(SCL-90)〔J〕.上海精神医学,1990;2(1):68-9.
7Diener E,Emmons RA,Larsen RJ,et al.The Satisfaction With Life Scale〔J〕.J Pers Assess,1985;49(1):71-5.
8Yu X,Zhang J.Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Con-nor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC)with Chinese people〔J〕.SBP,2007;35(1):19-30.
9肖水源.社会支持评定量表的理论基础与研究应用〔J〕.临床精神医学杂志,1994;4(2):98-100.
10Ryder A,Yang J,Zhu X,et al.The cultural ahaping of sepression:so-matic symptoms in China,psychological symptoms in North America〔J〕?J Abnorm Psychol,2008;117(2):300-13.
11连雅棻,黄惠满,苏贞瑛.小区独居老人格韧性,社会支持与生活满意度相关性研究〔J〕.长期照护杂志,2008;12(2):161-78.
12Bonanno G.Loss,trauma,and human resilience〔J〕.Am Psychol,2004;59(1):20-8.
13Carstensen L,Mikels J.At the intersection of emotion and cognition〔J〕.Curr Dire Psychol Sci,2005;14(3):117.
14Carstensen L.The influence of a sense of time on human development〔J〕.Science,2006;312(5782):1913-5.
15Chachamovich E,Fleck M,Laidlaw K,et al.Impact of major depression and subsyndromal symptoms on quality of life and attitudes toward aging in an international sample of older adults〔J〕.Gerontologist,2008;48(5):593.
16Pavot W,Diener E.The affective and cognitive context of self-reported measures of subjective well-being〔J〕.Soc Indica Res,1993;28(1):1-20.
17Schimmack U,Oishi S,Diener E.Cultural influences on the relation be-tween pleasant emotions and unpleasant emotions:asian dialectic philos-ophies or individualism-collectivism〔J〕?Cogn Emotion,2002;16(6):705-19.
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