地理流行病学方法研究地震后四川省安县疫情及其特征
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摘要
目的揭示四川省汶川特大地震后,安县疫情的地理分布、疾病构成、易感人群、时序特征,为灾区卫生防疫工作提供科学依据。方法利用安县地震前后的流行病学数据、社会经济数据制作相关专题地图,遵照地理流行病学的原理与方法,在地理信息系统支持下揭示安县震后的疫情变化。结果安县震后传染病总发病率高于200/10万有3个乡镇,呈岛状分布在安县中部,高于150/10万~200/10万有3个乡镇,其分布在安县西北部和东部。无灾民安置的乡镇发病率大于100/10万,但安置人数大于1万人的乡镇发病率也比较高(200/10万)。安县的首位传染病由震前的水痘变为震后的其他感染性腹泻。易感人群在震后未发生显著变化。震后的疫情变化出现了两次明显的波动和峰值。结论安县震后疫情的变化与居民生活环境及其行为特征发生了明显变动相关。地理流行病学方法是快速、直观揭示这些变化的有效手段。
Objective To study the situation of infectious disease outbreak with the characteristics of geographic distributions,susceptible populations before and after 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake in An county,Sihuan province,and to provide scientific evidences for disease control and prevention.Methods Thematic maps were made with epidemiological and social-economic information before and after earthquake using the techniques of geographic epidemiology and geographic information system(GIS).Results The incidence of communicable diseases higher than 200/100 000 person-years occurred in three townships,which were located in the central part of An county and stood alone respectively.The incidences between 150/100 000-200/100 000 person-years occurred in three towns which were located in the northwest and east parts of An county.The incidence was above 100/100 000 person-years in the townships without resettlement of the disaster victims.However,the incidence was more than 150/100 000 and less than 200/100 000 person-years in the townships where the resettlement number of the disaster victims was more than 10 000.The leading communicable disease changed from chickenpox before earthquake to the infectious diarrhea after earthquake.There were two peaks of communicable disease outbreak after earthquake.The distribution of high risk population was not changed comparing with that before earthquake.Conclusion The significant differences of the disease outbreak were due to the post-earthquake changes of environment and human behaviors.Geographic epidemiology could be useful in demonstrating post-disaster outbreak of infectious diseases intuitively and effectively.
Objective To study the situation of infectious disease outbreak with the characteristics of geographic distributions,susceptible populations before and after 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake in An county,Sihuan province,and to provide scientific evidences for disease control and prevention.Methods Thematic maps were made with epidemiological and social-economic information before and after earthquake using the techniques of geographic epidemiology and geographic information system(GIS).Results The incidence of communicable diseases higher than 200/100 000 person-years occurred in three townships,which were located in the central part of An county and stood alone respectively.The incidences between 150/100 000-200/100 000 person-years occurred in three towns which were located in the northwest and east parts of An county.The incidence was above 100/100 000 person-years in the townships without resettlement of the disaster victims.However,the incidence was more than 150/100 000 and less than 200/100 000 person-years in the townships where the resettlement number of the disaster victims was more than 10 000.The leading communicable disease changed from chickenpox before earthquake to the infectious diarrhea after earthquake.There were two peaks of communicable disease outbreak after earthquake.The distribution of high risk population was not changed comparing with that before earthquake.Conclusion The significant differences of the disease outbreak were due to the post-earthquake changes of environment and human behaviors.Geographic epidemiology could be useful in demonstrating post-disaster outbreak of infectious diseases intuitively and effectively.
引文
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[2]Chan CC,Lin YP,Chen HH,et al.A population-based studyon the immediate and prolonged effects of the 1999 Taiwanearthquake on mortality[J].Ann Epidemiol,2003,13(7):502-508.
[3]Saenz R,Bissell RA,Paniagua F.Post-disaster malaria in CostaRica[J].Prehosp Disaster Med,1995,10(3):154-160.
[4]Karadenizli A,Gurcan S,Kolayli F,et al.Outbreak of tula-raemia in Golcuk,Turkey in 2005:report of 5 cases and an o-verview of the literature from Turkey[J].Scand J Infect Dis,2005,37(10):712-716.
[5]Akbari ME,Farshad AA,Asadi-Lari M.The devastation ofBam:an overview of health issues 1 month after the earthquake[J].Public Health,2004,118(6):403-408.
[6]Bremer R.Policy development in disaster preparedness and man-agement:lessons learned from the January 2001 earthquake inGujarat,India[J].Prehosp Disaster Med,2003,18(4):372-384.
[7]Floret N,Viel JF,Mauny F,et al.Negligible risk for epidem-ics after geophysical disasters[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2006,12(4):543-548.
[8]曾光,訾维廉,于国伟,等.中国两次特大自然灾害后的公共卫生服务[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(2):87-89.
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