地震动累积绝对速度相关参数研究进展与分析
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摘要
核电厂和一些重要的工程结构遭遇地震时,采用合理的地震动阈值作为报警和关停的,可以有效减少工程结构破坏引起的风险。研究介绍了累积绝对速度(CAV)等相关变体参数的定义及其来源背景,论述了相关参数在地震工程研究中的应用。选取集集地震和汶川地震的地震动和烈度数据,探讨了CAV与结构破坏之间的关系,分析了峰值地震动加速度(PGA)和标准累积绝对速度(CAV STD)与烈度的相关性,以及表征结构初始破坏阈值的合理性。结果表明CAV STD和PGA均与烈度有正相关性,不同的地震,同一烈度对应的平均PGA和平均CAV STD有较大差异,而且烈度7度区的PGA和CAV STD作为判别结构初始破坏的阈值的可靠性较强。
A reasonable ground motion parameter and threshold value for shutdown or alarm of nuclear power plant and other important structures may reduce the risk for a potential disaster.We review the cumulative absolute velocity(CAV) related parameters as well as the application of CAV in earthquake engineering.To identify the correlation between seismic intensity,CAV and peak ground acceleration(PGA),and to identify the thresholds' capability of PGA and CAV,we also analyze the relation between strong ground motions parameters and seismic intensity of Wenchuan and Chi-chi earthquake.Results indicate:CAV and PGA value are proportional to the seismic intensity,but for different earthquake magnitudes,the average value of a station is different.PGA and CAV STD of threshold intensity Ⅶ are reliable as parameters to identify the initial damage to a structure.
A reasonable ground motion parameter and threshold value for shutdown or alarm of nuclear power plant and other important structures may reduce the risk for a potential disaster.We review the cumulative absolute velocity(CAV) related parameters as well as the application of CAV in earthquake engineering.To identify the correlation between seismic intensity,CAV and peak ground acceleration(PGA),and to identify the thresholds' capability of PGA and CAV,we also analyze the relation between strong ground motions parameters and seismic intensity of Wenchuan and Chi-chi earthquake.Results indicate:CAV and PGA value are proportional to the seismic intensity,but for different earthquake magnitudes,the average value of a station is different.PGA and CAV STD of threshold intensity Ⅶ are reliable as parameters to identify the initial damage to a structure.
引文
[1]Robert L N.Application of cumulative absolute velocity to real-time earthquake damage assessment[EB/OL].http://www.eqsafetysys.com/cav_paper.htm
[2]Electric Power Research Institute.Prepared by Jack R.Benjamin and Associates,Inc.A Criteria for DetermingExceedance of the Operating Basis Earthquake[R].EPRI NP-5930,1988.
[3]Electric Power Research Institute.Prepared by Yankee Atomic Electric Company.Standardization of the cumulative absolute velocity[R].EPRI TR-100082,1991.
[4]Steve K,Bob M.Liquefaction intensity measure[R].Richmond,CA:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,2002.
[5]Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Pre-earthquake planning and immediate nuclear power Plant operator postearthquake actions[R].NRC RG1.166,1997.
[6]Cabanas L,Benito B,Herraiz M.An approach to the measurement of the potential structural damage of earthquake ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1997,26:79-92.
[7]林宜娴.九二一集集大地震序列各地累积绝对速度值(CAV)之研究[D].台湾桃园县中坜市:国立中央大学地球物理所,2002.LIN Yixian.The research on 921 chi-chi earthquake sequences around cumumlative absolute velocity[D].Jhongli City,Taoyuan County,Taiwan:DEP.of Earth Sciences and Graduate Institute of Geophysics,National Central University,2002.(in Chinese)
[8]韩建平,周伟,李慧.基于汶川地震数据的地震动强度指标与中长周期SDOF体系最大响应相关性[J].工程力学,2011,28(10):185-196.HAN Jianping,ZHOU Wei,LI Hui.Correlation between ground motion intensity indices and SDOF system responses with medium-to-long period based on the Wenchuan earthquake data[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(10):185-196.(in Chinese)
[9]朱翊洲.绝对累计速度CAV的标准算法及其对地震监测的影响[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,32(2):182-184.ZHU Yizhou.Standardized algorithm of cumulative absolute velocity and its effect on seismic monitoring[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2012,32(2):182-184.(in Chinese)
[10]Electric Power Research Institute,Palo Alto,the US Department of Energy.Program on technology innovation:use of cumulative absolute velocity(CAV)in determing effects of small magnitude earthquakes on seismic hazard analyses[R].EPRI report TR-1014099,2006.
[11]Robin K M.Issues in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for nuclear facilities in the US[J].Nuclear Engineering and Technology,2009,41(10):1235-1242.
[12]李志国,潘华,李金臣,等.累积绝对速度在核电厂地震危险性分析中的应用研究[J].地震学报,2010,32(1):69-76LI Zhiguo,PAN Hua,LI Jinchen,et al.Application of cumulative absolute velocity to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for nuclear power plant[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,32(1):69-76.(in Chinese)
[13]Steven L K,Robert A M.Ground motion intensity measures for liquefaction hazard evaluation[J].Earthquake Spectra,2006,22(2):413-438.
[14]Koliopoulos P K,Margaris B N,Klimis N S.Duration and energy characteristics of Greek strong motion records[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,1998,2(3):391-417.
[15]Marin K K.Site specific estimation of cumulative absolute velocity[A].18th Inter-national Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology(SMiRT18),Beijing,China,2-005,3041-3050.
[16]Klügel J U,MualchinL,Panza GG.A scenario-based procedure for seismic risk analysis[J].Engineering Geology,2006,88(1-2):1-22.
[17]Laurentiu D,G-Akis T.Engineering ground-motion parameters attenuation relationships for Greece[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2007,97(1B):162-183.
[18]J.Enrique MR,Giannis M,Evdokia T.Predictive equations to estimate Arias intensity and cumulative absolute velocity as a function of HousnerIntensity[A].Seismic Engineering Conference:Commemorating the 1908 Messina and Reggio Calabria Earthquake[C].Italy,2008,309-316.
[19]G-Akis T,Laurentiu D.Empirical relationships between modified mercalli intensity and engineering ground-motion parameters in Greece[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2008,98(4):1863-1875.
[20]Campbell K W,Yousef Bozorgnia.A ground motion prediction equation for the horizontal component of cumulative absolute velocity based on the PEER-NGA strong motion database[J].Earthquake Spectra,2010,26(3):635-650.
[21]Campbell K W,Bozorgnia Y.Prediction equations for the standardized version of cumulative absolute velocity as adapted for use in the shutdown of U.S.nuclear power plants[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2011,241(7):2558-2569.
[22]Campbell K W,Bozorgnia Y.Cumulative absolute velocity(CAV)and seismic intensity based on the PEER-NGA database[J].Earthquake Spectra,2012,28(2):457-485.
[23]DU Wenqi,WANG Gang.Intra-event spatial correlation models for CAV and Arias intensity based on regional site conditions[A].15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Lisbon,2012.
[24]林淋,孙景江.不同地震动参数与地震烈度相关性对比研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(1):6-10.LIN Lin,SUN Jingjiang.Comparative research on correlation between strong ground motion parameters and seismic intensity[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,31(1):6-10.(in Chinese)
[25]刘培玄.地震动衰减关系特征分析[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2012LIU Peixuan.Analysis of ground motion attenuation characteristics[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2012(in Chinese)
[26]Erdik M,Fahjan Y M,Ozel O.et al.Istanbul earthquake rapid response and the early warning system[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,2003,1(1):157-163.
[27]Fahjan Y M,Alcik H,Sari A.Applications of cumulative absolute velocity to urban earthquake early warning systems[J].Journal of Seismology,2011,15(2):355-373.
[2]Electric Power Research Institute.Prepared by Jack R.Benjamin and Associates,Inc.A Criteria for DetermingExceedance of the Operating Basis Earthquake[R].EPRI NP-5930,1988.
[3]Electric Power Research Institute.Prepared by Yankee Atomic Electric Company.Standardization of the cumulative absolute velocity[R].EPRI TR-100082,1991.
[4]Steve K,Bob M.Liquefaction intensity measure[R].Richmond,CA:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,2002.
[5]Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Pre-earthquake planning and immediate nuclear power Plant operator postearthquake actions[R].NRC RG1.166,1997.
[6]Cabanas L,Benito B,Herraiz M.An approach to the measurement of the potential structural damage of earthquake ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1997,26:79-92.
[7]林宜娴.九二一集集大地震序列各地累积绝对速度值(CAV)之研究[D].台湾桃园县中坜市:国立中央大学地球物理所,2002.LIN Yixian.The research on 921 chi-chi earthquake sequences around cumumlative absolute velocity[D].Jhongli City,Taoyuan County,Taiwan:DEP.of Earth Sciences and Graduate Institute of Geophysics,National Central University,2002.(in Chinese)
[8]韩建平,周伟,李慧.基于汶川地震数据的地震动强度指标与中长周期SDOF体系最大响应相关性[J].工程力学,2011,28(10):185-196.HAN Jianping,ZHOU Wei,LI Hui.Correlation between ground motion intensity indices and SDOF system responses with medium-to-long period based on the Wenchuan earthquake data[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(10):185-196.(in Chinese)
[9]朱翊洲.绝对累计速度CAV的标准算法及其对地震监测的影响[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,32(2):182-184.ZHU Yizhou.Standardized algorithm of cumulative absolute velocity and its effect on seismic monitoring[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2012,32(2):182-184.(in Chinese)
[10]Electric Power Research Institute,Palo Alto,the US Department of Energy.Program on technology innovation:use of cumulative absolute velocity(CAV)in determing effects of small magnitude earthquakes on seismic hazard analyses[R].EPRI report TR-1014099,2006.
[11]Robin K M.Issues in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for nuclear facilities in the US[J].Nuclear Engineering and Technology,2009,41(10):1235-1242.
[12]李志国,潘华,李金臣,等.累积绝对速度在核电厂地震危险性分析中的应用研究[J].地震学报,2010,32(1):69-76LI Zhiguo,PAN Hua,LI Jinchen,et al.Application of cumulative absolute velocity to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for nuclear power plant[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,32(1):69-76.(in Chinese)
[13]Steven L K,Robert A M.Ground motion intensity measures for liquefaction hazard evaluation[J].Earthquake Spectra,2006,22(2):413-438.
[14]Koliopoulos P K,Margaris B N,Klimis N S.Duration and energy characteristics of Greek strong motion records[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,1998,2(3):391-417.
[15]Marin K K.Site specific estimation of cumulative absolute velocity[A].18th Inter-national Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology(SMiRT18),Beijing,China,2-005,3041-3050.
[16]Klügel J U,MualchinL,Panza GG.A scenario-based procedure for seismic risk analysis[J].Engineering Geology,2006,88(1-2):1-22.
[17]Laurentiu D,G-Akis T.Engineering ground-motion parameters attenuation relationships for Greece[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2007,97(1B):162-183.
[18]J.Enrique MR,Giannis M,Evdokia T.Predictive equations to estimate Arias intensity and cumulative absolute velocity as a function of HousnerIntensity[A].Seismic Engineering Conference:Commemorating the 1908 Messina and Reggio Calabria Earthquake[C].Italy,2008,309-316.
[19]G-Akis T,Laurentiu D.Empirical relationships between modified mercalli intensity and engineering ground-motion parameters in Greece[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2008,98(4):1863-1875.
[20]Campbell K W,Yousef Bozorgnia.A ground motion prediction equation for the horizontal component of cumulative absolute velocity based on the PEER-NGA strong motion database[J].Earthquake Spectra,2010,26(3):635-650.
[21]Campbell K W,Bozorgnia Y.Prediction equations for the standardized version of cumulative absolute velocity as adapted for use in the shutdown of U.S.nuclear power plants[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2011,241(7):2558-2569.
[22]Campbell K W,Bozorgnia Y.Cumulative absolute velocity(CAV)and seismic intensity based on the PEER-NGA database[J].Earthquake Spectra,2012,28(2):457-485.
[23]DU Wenqi,WANG Gang.Intra-event spatial correlation models for CAV and Arias intensity based on regional site conditions[A].15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Lisbon,2012.
[24]林淋,孙景江.不同地震动参数与地震烈度相关性对比研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(1):6-10.LIN Lin,SUN Jingjiang.Comparative research on correlation between strong ground motion parameters and seismic intensity[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,31(1):6-10.(in Chinese)
[25]刘培玄.地震动衰减关系特征分析[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2012LIU Peixuan.Analysis of ground motion attenuation characteristics[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2012(in Chinese)
[26]Erdik M,Fahjan Y M,Ozel O.et al.Istanbul earthquake rapid response and the early warning system[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,2003,1(1):157-163.
[27]Fahjan Y M,Alcik H,Sari A.Applications of cumulative absolute velocity to urban earthquake early warning systems[J].Journal of Seismology,2011,15(2):355-373.
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