异地安置5·12汶川大地震孤儿的创伤后应激障碍评估
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摘要
为考察汶川大地震中9～15岁孤儿的PTSD检出率、症状特点及其发展.采用《儿童版事件冲击量表》在地震半年和一年后对188名孤儿和非孤儿进行重复施测.结果表明,在地震半年和一年后,孤儿PTSD的检出率以及症状得分均高于非孤儿.震后孤儿比非孤儿更容易罹患PTSD,尤其表现在有更高水平的闯入性症状,并且潜伏期更长.
In order to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and the developments of the symptoms among orphans aged 9 to 15 after Wenchuan earthquake,188 orphans and normal children completed the Children's impact of event scale in half-year and one year.The results indicate that the prevalence rate of probable PTSD among orphans was higher than that among normal children at the two time points.Moreover,orphans' scores on the intrusion symptom were significantly higher than that of the normal children at the two time points.The present study indicates that the orphans were more susceptible to PTSD than normal children,especially with a higher level of intrusive symptoms and a longer latency.
In order to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and the developments of the symptoms among orphans aged 9 to 15 after Wenchuan earthquake,188 orphans and normal children completed the Children's impact of event scale in half-year and one year.The results indicate that the prevalence rate of probable PTSD among orphans was higher than that among normal children at the two time points.Moreover,orphans' scores on the intrusion symptom were significantly higher than that of the normal children at the two time points.The present study indicates that the orphans were more susceptible to PTSD than normal children,especially with a higher level of intrusive symptoms and a longer latency.
引文
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[19]张本,王学义.唐山大地震孤儿远期心身健康的调查研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(1):17-19.
[20]张本,张凤阁,王丽萍.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤后应急障碍现患率调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(6):469-473.
[21]Chen S H,Lin Y H,Tseng H M,et al.Posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents one year after the1999Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,2002,25(5):597-608.
[22]Fu C Q,Zhang D J.A Review on post-traumatic stress disorder in children[J].Chinese Journal of Special Education,2008(9):67-72(in Chinese).扶长青,张大均.儿童创伤后应激障碍研究现状[J].中国特殊教育,2008(9):67-72.
[23]Zhang S Y,Wang F,Xu Y,et al.The infulence of suffering condition and resilience on posttraumatic stress response of primary and middle school students in earthquake-striken area[J].Advances in Psychological Science,2009,17(3):556-561(in Chinese).张姝玥,王芳,许燕等.受灾情况和复原力对地震灾区中小学生创伤后应激反应的影响[J].心理科学进展,2009,17(3):556-561.
[24]李勇,贺丹军,吴玉琴,等.汶川大地震受灾者创伤后应激症状及危险因素[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(10):868-871.
[25]Saigh P A,Yasik A E,Oberfield R,et al.The self-concept of traumatized children and adolescents with or without PTSD[J].Behaviour Research and Therapy,2008,46(10):1181-1186.
[26]Wang J P,Wang Y L,Xie W,et al.Effects of values on the PTSD symptoms of deliberate truama victims[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,2007,39(5):873-879(in Chinese).王建平,王玉龙,谢伟,等.价值观对蓄意创伤受害者创伤后应激障碍症状的影响[J].心理学报,2007,39(5):873-879.
[27]Li C Q.Symptoms and intervention strategies of PTSD in children[J].Journal of Special Education,2006(6):88-91(in Chinese).李成齐.儿童创伤后应激障碍的症状表现与干预策略[J].中国特殊教育,2006(6):88-91.
[28]Roth J,Brooks-Gunn J,Murray L,et al.Promoting healthy adolescents:Synthesis of youth development program evaluations[J].Journal of Research on Adolescence,1998,8(4):423-459.
[2]秦虹云,季建林.PTSD及其危机干预[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(9):614-616.
[3]Perrin S,Meiser-Stedman R,Smith P.The childrens revised impact of event scale(CRIES):validity as a screening instrument for PTSD[J].Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy,2005,33(4):487-498.
[4]Bolton D,O'Ryan D,Udwin O,et al.The long-term psychological effects of a disaster experienced in adolescence:II:General psychopathology[J].The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines,2000,41(4):513-523.
[5]Yule W,Bolton D,Udwin O,et al.The long-term psychological effects of a disaster experienced in adolescence:I:The incidence and course of PTSD[J].The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines,2000,41(4):503-511.
[6]Zhao D M,Shen H Y,Liu Z Y.Theory and research on trauma-related dissociative symptom[J].Advances in Psychological Science,2006,14(6):895-900(in Chinese).赵冬梅,申荷永,刘志雅.创伤性分离症状及其认知研究[J].心理科学进展,2006,14(6):895-900.
[7]Wickrama K A S,Kaspar V.Family context of mental health risk in Tsunami-exposed adolescents:Findings from a pilot study in Sri Lanka[J].Social Science&Medicine,2007,64(3):713-723.
[8]Yorbik O,Akbiyik D I,Kirmizigul P,et al.Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in children after the1999Marmara earthquake in Turkey[J].International Journal of Mental Health,2004,33(1):46-58.
[9]Pynoos R S.Traumatic stress and developmental psychopathology in children and adolescents[J].American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry,1993,12:205.
[10]Hsu C C,Chong M Y,Yang P,et al.Posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescent earthquake victims in Taiwan[J].Journal of Amer Academy of Child&Adolescent Psychiatry,2002,41(7):875.
[11]Roussos A,Goenjian A K,Steinberg A M,et al.Posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among children and adolescents after the1999earthquake in Ano Liosia,Greece[J].American Journal of Psychiatry,2005,162(3):530-537.
[12]孙宇理,朱莉琪.地震后儿童创伤后应激障碍的影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(4):270-274.
[13]Zhao C Z,Li J F,Wang M S,et al.Prevalence and correlated factors of PTSD in adolescents17months after earthquake[J].Chinese Mental Health Journal,2001,15(3):145-147(in Chinese).赵丞智,李俊福,王明山,等.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):145-147.
[14]Cohen R E.Mental health services for victims of disasters[J].World Psychiatry,2002,1(3):149.
[15]Chitiyo M,Changara D M,Chitiyo G.Providing psychosocial support to special needs children:A case of orphans and vulnerable children in Zimbabwe[J].International Journal of Educational Development,2008,28(4):384-392.
[16]Norris F H,Friedman M J,Watson P J,et al.60,000disaster victims speak:Part I.An empirical review of the empirical literature,1981-2001[J].Psychiatry:Interpersonal&Biological Processes,2002,65(3):207-239.
[17]Li Y Y,Liu K Q.The mental health status of the orphans[J].Chinese Journal of Health Psychology,2006,14(2):194-196(in Chinese).李燕燕,刘开琼.孤儿心理健康状况调查[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2006,14(2):194-196.
[18]Li G Q,Zheng L.An investigation on the psychological factors affecting the learning of120orphans at school[J].Psychological Science,2004,27(2):402-403(in Chinese).李国强,郑力.120名在校孤儿影响学习的心理因素调查研究[J].心理科学,2004,27(2):402-403.
[19]张本,王学义.唐山大地震孤儿远期心身健康的调查研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(1):17-19.
[20]张本,张凤阁,王丽萍.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤后应急障碍现患率调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(6):469-473.
[21]Chen S H,Lin Y H,Tseng H M,et al.Posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents one year after the1999Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,2002,25(5):597-608.
[22]Fu C Q,Zhang D J.A Review on post-traumatic stress disorder in children[J].Chinese Journal of Special Education,2008(9):67-72(in Chinese).扶长青,张大均.儿童创伤后应激障碍研究现状[J].中国特殊教育,2008(9):67-72.
[23]Zhang S Y,Wang F,Xu Y,et al.The infulence of suffering condition and resilience on posttraumatic stress response of primary and middle school students in earthquake-striken area[J].Advances in Psychological Science,2009,17(3):556-561(in Chinese).张姝玥,王芳,许燕等.受灾情况和复原力对地震灾区中小学生创伤后应激反应的影响[J].心理科学进展,2009,17(3):556-561.
[24]李勇,贺丹军,吴玉琴,等.汶川大地震受灾者创伤后应激症状及危险因素[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(10):868-871.
[25]Saigh P A,Yasik A E,Oberfield R,et al.The self-concept of traumatized children and adolescents with or without PTSD[J].Behaviour Research and Therapy,2008,46(10):1181-1186.
[26]Wang J P,Wang Y L,Xie W,et al.Effects of values on the PTSD symptoms of deliberate truama victims[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,2007,39(5):873-879(in Chinese).王建平,王玉龙,谢伟,等.价值观对蓄意创伤受害者创伤后应激障碍症状的影响[J].心理学报,2007,39(5):873-879.
[27]Li C Q.Symptoms and intervention strategies of PTSD in children[J].Journal of Special Education,2006(6):88-91(in Chinese).李成齐.儿童创伤后应激障碍的症状表现与干预策略[J].中国特殊教育,2006(6):88-91.
[28]Roth J,Brooks-Gunn J,Murray L,et al.Promoting healthy adolescents:Synthesis of youth development program evaluations[J].Journal of Research on Adolescence,1998,8(4):423-459.
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