都江堰地震灾后安置点人群心理健康状态分析
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摘要
目的通过对5.12地震灾后都江堰安置点人群进行问卷调查,了解他们的心理健康状况,探讨在地震灾害发生半年后,影响地震灾区人群出现创伤后应激障碍的危险因素。方法采用一般情况调查表、创伤后应激障碍检查表、贝克抑郁量表(BD I)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表在震后半年对都江堰灾区勤俭人家安置点内的人群进行调查,并对调查结果进行相应的统计分析。结果共调查560名安置点居民。PTSD发生率为18.3%,抑郁发生率为21.6%;焦虑发生率19.7%;13.7%的人有自杀的念头,0.6%的人表示如果有机会就会自杀;PTSD中合并抑郁的占56.1%,PTSD中合并焦虑的占18.7%,抑郁中合并焦虑的有58.2%;抑郁量表总分、噩梦、焦虑量表总分可以预测创伤后应激障碍的发生。结论地震灾区群众抑郁、焦虑及创伤后应激障碍发生率明显高于正常人群,三者之间共病率高,创伤后应激障碍的预测因素是多方面的,并且各因素之间存在着复杂的相互关系。对PTSD预测因素需进一步深入研究。应及时采取有针对性、切实可行的干预措施,促进灾区人民的心理健康。
Objective To explore the mental health status and risk factors of PTSD among victims of the 5.12 earthquake in Dujingyan six months post-disaster.Methods General questionnaire,post-traumatic stress reaction Checklist,Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),Hamilton anxiety Scale were used to evaluate the victims in Dujiangyan,six months after the earthquake.Results Among the 560 vicitms interviewed,the rate of PTSD was 18.3%,depression was 21.6%,and anxiety was 19.7%.The rate of having the suicidal ideation was 13.7%.About 0.6% of the respondents expressed that they would commit suicide if they had a chance.PTSD has the characteristics of comorbidity with depression(56.1%) and anxiety(18.7%).Total score of depression,nightmare,and severity of injury can predict the level of post-traumatics stress.Conclusion The rates of depression,anxiety and PTSD in victims of the disater were significantly higher than the normal population.There were multi-factors which could predict PTSD.Except life rescue,cultural-specific interventions should be provided for the victims to improve their psychological well-being.
Objective To explore the mental health status and risk factors of PTSD among victims of the 5.12 earthquake in Dujingyan six months post-disaster.Methods General questionnaire,post-traumatic stress reaction Checklist,Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),Hamilton anxiety Scale were used to evaluate the victims in Dujiangyan,six months after the earthquake.Results Among the 560 vicitms interviewed,the rate of PTSD was 18.3%,depression was 21.6%,and anxiety was 19.7%.The rate of having the suicidal ideation was 13.7%.About 0.6% of the respondents expressed that they would commit suicide if they had a chance.PTSD has the characteristics of comorbidity with depression(56.1%) and anxiety(18.7%).Total score of depression,nightmare,and severity of injury can predict the level of post-traumatics stress.Conclusion The rates of depression,anxiety and PTSD in victims of the disater were significantly higher than the normal population.There were multi-factors which could predict PTSD.Except life rescue,cultural-specific interventions should be provided for the victims to improve their psychological well-being.
引文
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[2]温盛霖,王相兰,陶炯.四川江油太平镇安置点北川、平武地震灾区群众1周后心理症状分析[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2008,34(9):525~527
[3]陆峥.抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍共病专家研讨会会议纪要[J].中华精神科杂志,2003,36(4):247~248
[4]王丽颖,杨蕴萍.创伤后应激的研究进展[J].国外医学.精神病学分册,2004,31(1):59~61
[5]陈树林,李凌江,卢原,等.火灾灾区群众创伤后应激障碍的发生及其影响因素[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2005,31(3):198~201
[6]伍志刚,刘爱忠,谭红专,等.洪灾区成人PTSD及其危险因素的研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2003,11(3):173~175
[7]赵丞智,李俊福.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):78~79
[8]汪向江,高岚,Naotaka S.灾害后的精神及行为障碍[J].中华精神科杂志,1999,32(3):186~188
[9]熊亚敏,施琪嘉.创伤后应激障碍的脑磁共振及波谱研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2006,21(3):284~285
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