陇南地震后病媒生物危害风险评估与应急防控
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摘要
目的通过对震后病媒生物物种调查和危害风险评估,确定防控重点对象和措施,预防地震后虫媒传染病的发生与流行。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法、病媒生物危害风险评估和综合防治技术措施。结果蚊和蝇为当地病媒生物防控的重点对象,采取综合技术措施后,监测点蚊平均密度由160只/人工.小时下降到1～3只/人工.小时,蝇平均密度从原来的68.3只/m2下降到0～2只/m2,环境卫生得到明显地改善,蚊蝇孳生地得到有效控制。监测救援人员未发现腹泻患者和虫媒病感染者,当地灾民腹泻病症罹患率略有升高,但腹泻病例维持在较低水平,虫媒传染病与震前相比无差异(P>0.05)。结论采取以个人与集体防护为主,物理控制与药物杀灭为辅,酌情环境治理的综合技术措施,有效地预防和控制了虫媒传染病的发生与流行。
Objective To prevent arbo infectious disease propagation,the major target vectors for control and emergency control measures were determined through investigation of species of insects and risk evaluation of hazard after the earthquake in Southern Gangu.Method Field epidemiological investigation method,risk evaluation of vector and comprehensive control measures were applied.Results The fly and mosquito were identified as the major control targets.After comprehensive control measures were taken,the average density of fly decreased from 68.3 per square meter to 0~2 per square meter;the average density of mosquito declined from 160 per staff-hour to 1~3 per staff-hour.The environmental sanitary had been obviously improved,and the mass propagation of mosquito and fly had been effectivly controled.Although the incidence rate of diarrhoeal diseases among residents slightly increased,the number of cases of diarrhoeal diseases was maintained at a low level.There is no difference in the rate of arbo infectious disease between pre-earthquake and after-earthquake(P>0.05).Conclusions The incidence and spread of arbo infectious disease had been effectivly controled through comprehensive control measures: personal protection and collective protection as major measures and physical control,insecticides application and environment managements as supplementary means.
Objective To prevent arbo infectious disease propagation,the major target vectors for control and emergency control measures were determined through investigation of species of insects and risk evaluation of hazard after the earthquake in Southern Gangu.Method Field epidemiological investigation method,risk evaluation of vector and comprehensive control measures were applied.Results The fly and mosquito were identified as the major control targets.After comprehensive control measures were taken,the average density of fly decreased from 68.3 per square meter to 0~2 per square meter;the average density of mosquito declined from 160 per staff-hour to 1~3 per staff-hour.The environmental sanitary had been obviously improved,and the mass propagation of mosquito and fly had been effectivly controled.Although the incidence rate of diarrhoeal diseases among residents slightly increased,the number of cases of diarrhoeal diseases was maintained at a low level.There is no difference in the rate of arbo infectious disease between pre-earthquake and after-earthquake(P>0.05).Conclusions The incidence and spread of arbo infectious disease had been effectivly controled through comprehensive control measures: personal protection and collective protection as major measures and physical control,insecticides application and environment managements as supplementary means.
引文
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