四川地震灾民灾后心理健康状况及综合干预模式探讨
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摘要
目的:了解地震后灾民的心理健康状况,探索有效的综合干预模式。方法:对四川省江油市223名灾民进行应激反应问卷(stress-reaction questionnaire,SRQ)评定,再对SRQ检测结果存在心理问题的灾民进行汉密顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)、创伤后应激障碍症状清单平民版(post taumatic stress disorder checklist-civilianver-sion,PCL-C)评定,并对其进行医疗服务、支持性心理治疗、集体心理治疗、药物治疗和随访等的综合干预,比较综合干预前与干预14d后灾民心理健康情况。结果:SRQ结果示121名(54·3%)存在明显的心理问题。HAMD结果示上述121名中可能有抑郁56名(46·3%),有轻度或中度抑郁57名(47·1%),有重度抑郁8名(6·6%)。PCL-C结果示创伤后应激障碍症状阳性27名(22·3%),阴性94名(77·7%)。经综合干预后,灾民的抑郁症状减轻,心理健康状况有所改善。结论:相当一部分地震灾民存在心理问题。医疗服务、支持性心理治疗、集体心理治疗、药物治疗和随访等的综合干预模式能有效改善灾民的心理健康状况。
Objective:To study the psychological health status of the victims in earthquake and to explore effective ways of comprehensive intervention mode.Methods:223 Victims in Jiangyou city of Sichuang province were assessed for psychological health by using stress-reaction questionnaire(SRQ).The victims with severe psychological disorder by SRQ result were assessed in mental health by using Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) and post traumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian version(PCL-C),and underwent comprehensive intervention mode including medical service,supportive psychotherapy,group psychotherapy,medication and following visit.Psychological health status of these victims before and after 14 days comprehensive intervention were compared.Results:Results of SRQ found that 121 victims(54.3%)showed mental problem.Results of HAMD found there were 56 victims(46.3%) with possible depression,57 victims(47.1%)with moderate depression and 8 victims(6.6%) with severe depression.Results of PCL-C found that 27 victims(22.3%) were positive and 94 victims(77.7%) were negative.Depression level of victims was reduced and psychological health state improved following comprehensive intervention.Conclusion:Considerable proportion of the victims in earthquake have psychological problems.Comprehensive intervention mode including medical service,supportive psychotherapy,group psychotherapy,medication and following visit can improve psychological health of the victims.
Objective:To study the psychological health status of the victims in earthquake and to explore effective ways of comprehensive intervention mode.Methods:223 Victims in Jiangyou city of Sichuang province were assessed for psychological health by using stress-reaction questionnaire(SRQ).The victims with severe psychological disorder by SRQ result were assessed in mental health by using Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) and post traumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian version(PCL-C),and underwent comprehensive intervention mode including medical service,supportive psychotherapy,group psychotherapy,medication and following visit.Psychological health status of these victims before and after 14 days comprehensive intervention were compared.Results:Results of SRQ found that 121 victims(54.3%)showed mental problem.Results of HAMD found there were 56 victims(46.3%) with possible depression,57 victims(47.1%)with moderate depression and 8 victims(6.6%) with severe depression.Results of PCL-C found that 27 victims(22.3%) were positive and 94 victims(77.7%) were negative.Depression level of victims was reduced and psychological health state improved following comprehensive intervention.Conclusion:Considerable proportion of the victims in earthquake have psychological problems.Comprehensive intervention mode including medical service,supportive psychotherapy,group psychotherapy,medication and following visit can improve psychological health of the victims.
引文
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[15]KILIC C,AYDINI,TASKINTUNAN,et al.Predictors of psychological distress in survivors of the1999earth-quakes in Turkey:effects of relocation after the disaster[J].Acta Psychiatr Scand,2006,114(3):194-202.
[16]关念红,王昆,魏钦令,等.汶川地震异地治疗伤员创伤后应激症状及影响因素分析[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):361-366.
[2]王丽萍,张本,姜涛,等.唐山大地震所致慢性创伤后应激障碍临床研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2005,19(8):517-520.
[3]BASOGˇLUM,KILIC C,SALCIOGˇLUE,et al.Preva-lence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid de-pression in earthquake survivors in Turkey:an epidemi-ological study[J].J Trauma Stress,2004,17(2):133-141.
[4]汪向东.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志出版社,1999:220-223.
[5]DOBIE D J,KIVLAHAN D R,MAYNARD C,et al.Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder in female Veteran's Affairs patients:validation of the PTSD check-list[J].Gen Hosp Psychiatry,2002,24(6):367-374.
[6]秦虹云,季建林.PTSD及其危机干预[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(9):614-616.
[7]关念红.地震后创伤性应激心理[J].新医学,2008,39(9):573-574.
[8]VEHID H E,ALYANAK B,EKSI A.Suicide ideation after the1999earthquake in Marmara,Turkey[J].To-hoku J Exp Med,2006,208(1):19-24.
[9]王湘兰,陶炯,温盛霖,等.汶川地震灾民的心理健康状况及影响因素[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):367-371.
[10]RHOADS J,MITCHELL F A,RICK S.Posttraumatic stress disorder after hurricane Katrina[J].J Nurse Pract,2006,2(1):18-26
[11]李磊琼.地震后儿童心理干预与转变过程探索[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007,15(6):526-528.
[12]MATSUNAGA C,RISTIC D,NIREGI M.Long-term effects of traumatic experience:comparison study in the adolescent IDPs in Serbia[J].Psychiatr Danub,2006,18(3-4):177-182.
[13]MCNALLY R J,BRYANTR A,EHLERS A.Does ear-ly psychological intervention promote recovery from post-traumatic stress?[J]Psych Sci Public Interest,2003,4(2):45-79.
[14]TANG C S.Positive and negative postdisaster psycholog-ical adjustment among adult survivors of the Southeast Asian earthquake-tsunami[J].J Psychosom Res,2006,61(5):699-705.
[15]KILIC C,AYDINI,TASKINTUNAN,et al.Predictors of psychological distress in survivors of the1999earth-quakes in Turkey:effects of relocation after the disaster[J].Acta Psychiatr Scand,2006,114(3):194-202.
[16]关念红,王昆,魏钦令,等.汶川地震异地治疗伤员创伤后应激症状及影响因素分析[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):361-366.
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