汶川大地震中、小学生创伤后应激障碍影响因素的多水平模型分析
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摘要
[目的]客观分析汶川大地震后中、小学生的创伤后应激障碍(Post-traumatic Stress Disorder,PTSD)的影响因素,为地震后心理干预工作提供信息和依据。[方法]运用多水平模型对极重灾区45个中小学校的4282名中小学生的创伤后应激障碍的影响因素进行分析,采用SAS9.2统计软件的PROC MIXED过程分析实现。[结果]创伤后应激障碍筛查量表得分确实在学校水平存在聚集性;汶川大地震中、小学生PTSD的影响因素有:性别、年龄、是否有亲人朋友遇难、是否看到遗体和残肢、是否受伤、震前震后一起生活的人是否一样,前4个因素对PTSD症状得分的影响在学校水平上有差异。[结论]具有层次结构的心理研究资料运用多水平模型进行分析能得到更多的信息;不应忽视学校环境对灾区中小学生心理状况的影响。
[Objective]To analyze the influencing actors of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in primary and secondary schools students exposed to the Wenchuan Earthquake objectively,and provide relevant information and incidence for psychological and medical intervention after the earthquake.[Methods]Analyzed the influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in 4 282 students from 45 primary and secondary schools in the central earthquake area by a multilevel model,meanwhile used the PROC MIXED process of SAS9.2 statistical software to achieve.[Results]The PTSD symptom scores did exist clustering at school level.The significant influencing factors were sex,age,whether they had family or friends killed,whether they saw the bodies or the stumps,whether they had been injured,whether they lived with the same people before and after the earthquake.The top four of these factors varied with the school on the effects of PTSD symptom scores.[Conclusion]Multilevel models can be flexible and efficient for analysis of psychological research data with hierarchical structure.The influence of school environment on mental healthy of the students in disaster area should not be ignored.
[Objective]To analyze the influencing actors of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in primary and secondary schools students exposed to the Wenchuan Earthquake objectively,and provide relevant information and incidence for psychological and medical intervention after the earthquake.[Methods]Analyzed the influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in 4 282 students from 45 primary and secondary schools in the central earthquake area by a multilevel model,meanwhile used the PROC MIXED process of SAS9.2 statistical software to achieve.[Results]The PTSD symptom scores did exist clustering at school level.The significant influencing factors were sex,age,whether they had family or friends killed,whether they saw the bodies or the stumps,whether they had been injured,whether they lived with the same people before and after the earthquake.The top four of these factors varied with the school on the effects of PTSD symptom scores.[Conclusion]Multilevel models can be flexible and efficient for analysis of psychological research data with hierarchical structure.The influence of school environment on mental healthy of the students in disaster area should not be ignored.
引文
赵高锋.中文版儿童事件影响量表在汶川地震极重灾区中小学生中的应用及分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2009,30(11):1154-1158.
王季川,谢海义,姜宝法.多层统计分析模型—方法与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.43-68.
施红英,沈毅,何凡.多水平模型在住院费用影响因素分析中的应用[J].中国卫生统计,2006,23(5):397-39.
吴坎坎,张雨青,Peter Tianzhi Chen.灾后民众创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与事件冲击量表(IES)的发展和应用[J].心理科学进展2009,17(3),495-498.
孙宇理,朱莉琪.地震后儿童创伤后应激障碍的影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(4):270-273.
Chen SH,Wu YC.Changes of PTSD symptoms and school recon-struction:a two-year prospective study of children and adolescentsafter the Taiwan921earthquake[J].Natural Hazards,2006,37:225-244.
Sahin NH,Batigün AD,Yilmaz B.Psychological symptoms ofTurkish children and adolescents after the1999earth-quake:gen-der,location,and time duration[J].J Trau-ma Stress,2007,20(3):335-345.
杨珉,李晓松.医学和公共卫生研究常用多水平统计模型[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2007.1-48.
刘红云,孟庆茂.教育和心理研究中的多层线性模型[J].心理科学进展,2002,10(2):213-219.
王季川,谢海义,姜宝法.多层统计分析模型—方法与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.43-68.
施红英,沈毅,何凡.多水平模型在住院费用影响因素分析中的应用[J].中国卫生统计,2006,23(5):397-39.
吴坎坎,张雨青,Peter Tianzhi Chen.灾后民众创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与事件冲击量表(IES)的发展和应用[J].心理科学进展2009,17(3),495-498.
孙宇理,朱莉琪.地震后儿童创伤后应激障碍的影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(4):270-273.
Chen SH,Wu YC.Changes of PTSD symptoms and school recon-struction:a two-year prospective study of children and adolescentsafter the Taiwan921earthquake[J].Natural Hazards,2006,37:225-244.
Sahin NH,Batigün AD,Yilmaz B.Psychological symptoms ofTurkish children and adolescents after the1999earth-quake:gen-der,location,and time duration[J].J Trau-ma Stress,2007,20(3):335-345.
杨珉,李晓松.医学和公共卫生研究常用多水平统计模型[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2007.1-48.
刘红云,孟庆茂.教育和心理研究中的多层线性模型[J].心理科学进展,2002,10(2):213-219.
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