地震灾害对应急救援军队医护人员心理健康状况影响的调查研究
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摘要
目的探讨地震灾害对应急救援军队医护人员心理健康状况的影响。方法随机选取解放军255医院参加汶川地震抗震救灾应急救援医护人员为研究对象,共发放问卷120份,回收有效问卷60份,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)测试心理健康水平,用应对方式量表测评应对行为类型,并对其心理健康状况与应对方式的相关性进行分析。结果应急救援军队医护人员SCL-90各因子中躯体化、焦虑评分显著高于中国常模,强迫、敌对、偏执、抑郁和精神病性评分均显著低于中国常模,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);应对方式的使用程度依次是解决问题、求助、躲避、幻想、合理化和自责;SCL-90各因子与解决问题方式呈显著负相关,除躯体化、恐怖外,SCL-90各因子与求助呈显著负相关,与幻想、自责呈显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论应急救援医护人员在应急救援过程中受到了不同程度的心理伤害,采取成熟的应对方式可有效缓解压力,维护心理健康。
Objective To discuss the influence of earthquake disaster on the mental health of emergency rescue medical staff of PLA.Methods The medical staff of 255th Hospital of PLA who participated in the Wenchuan Earthquake rescue missions were randomly selected for this study.120 copies of questionnaire were issued and 60 were retrieved.SCL-90 was used to measure the mental health condition and the coping style scale was used to measure the coping behavior style,then a correlation study was made between the two.Results Scores of SCL-90 in somatization and anxiety were higher than those of Chinese normals,scores of the evaluation of force,hostility,bigotry,depression and psychosis were clearly lower than those of Chinese normals,and both the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05,P<0.01);the coping styles were different in degrees: to solve problems,to ask for help,to escape,to fancy,to rationalize and to blame oneself;the SCL-90 factors were obviously negatively correlated with problem solving styles,and except somatization and horror,the SCL 90 factors were also negatively correlated with asking for help but positively correlated with fantasy and self-blaming(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion It is evident that the emergency rescue medical staff suffered from certain types of psychdogical disorders after their rescue missions and a mature coping style is helpful in relieving pressure and maintaining mental health.
Objective To discuss the influence of earthquake disaster on the mental health of emergency rescue medical staff of PLA.Methods The medical staff of 255th Hospital of PLA who participated in the Wenchuan Earthquake rescue missions were randomly selected for this study.120 copies of questionnaire were issued and 60 were retrieved.SCL-90 was used to measure the mental health condition and the coping style scale was used to measure the coping behavior style,then a correlation study was made between the two.Results Scores of SCL-90 in somatization and anxiety were higher than those of Chinese normals,scores of the evaluation of force,hostility,bigotry,depression and psychosis were clearly lower than those of Chinese normals,and both the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05,P<0.01);the coping styles were different in degrees: to solve problems,to ask for help,to escape,to fancy,to rationalize and to blame oneself;the SCL-90 factors were obviously negatively correlated with problem solving styles,and except somatization and horror,the SCL 90 factors were also negatively correlated with asking for help but positively correlated with fantasy and self-blaming(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion It is evident that the emergency rescue medical staff suffered from certain types of psychdogical disorders after their rescue missions and a mature coping style is helpful in relieving pressure and maintaining mental health.
引文
[1]袁芳.地震救援人员心理应激的评估与干预[J].中国疗养医学,2011,20(2):133-134.
[2]罗震雷,杨淑霞.震灾后不同群体的心理应激与危机干预[J].中国西部科技,2008,9(26):66-67.
[3]沈洪.救援人员的发病与心理状况不能忽视[J].中国急救医学,2009,29(1):60.
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[7]安飞,王家同.汶川地震救援军人创伤后应激障碍与人格特征的相关研究[J].第四军医大学学报,2009,17(2):241-242.
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[9]李磊琼.地震后儿童心理干预与转变过程探索[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007,15(6):526-527.
[10]杨红梅,张晓明,张康莉,等.汶川大地震中抗震救灾官兵早期心理健康状态分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(2):241-242.
[11]杨艳杰,乔正学.地震灾区青少年学生心理健康状况调查[J].中国公共卫生,2008,24(12):1512-1513.
[12]汪瑞,陶雨.高原不同岗位官兵心理健康水平调查与分析[J].人民军医,2010,53(10):729-730.
[13]张理义,王云征,苏宗荣,等.心理干预对官兵身心及心理健康影响的研究[J].人民军医,2007,50(5):249-250.
[14]李伦,孙甜甜,彭菊聪,等.汶川地震文县居民心理伤害相关问题调查[J].中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(4):389-391.
[15]陈春霞,张理义,徐志熊,等.军人心理健康与职业压力及应对方式相关性研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2008,31(11):1381-1384.
[16]高存友,甘景梨,赵兰民,等.抗震救灾官兵心理应激反应及其影响因素[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2009,18(11):1022-1024.
[17]Coyne J C.Social support and coping process[J].AnnualReview of Pschology,1991,42:401-425.
[18]Peterson L.Special series:coping with medical illness andmedical procedures[J].Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology,1989,57(3):331-332.
[2]罗震雷,杨淑霞.震灾后不同群体的心理应激与危机干预[J].中国西部科技,2008,9(26):66-67.
[3]沈洪.救援人员的发病与心理状况不能忽视[J].中国急救医学,2009,29(1):60.
[4]马强,宋康星,杨蕾,等.519名地震救援人员心理应激状况调查与相关因素分析[J].军区进修学院学报,2008,29(4):249-250.
[5]李权超,王应立.军人心理应激反应与心理危机干预[J].临床身心杂志,2006,12(2):136-138.
[6]姜丽萍,王玉玲.不同人群在灾害事件中的心理行为反映及干预的探讨[J].中国卫生事业管理,2007,23(10):691-693.
[7]安飞,王家同.汶川地震救援军人创伤后应激障碍与人格特征的相关研究[J].第四军医大学学报,2009,17(2):241-242.
[8]赵玉芳,胡杨.汶川地震后一个月受灾者心理健康状态分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(2):241-242.
[9]李磊琼.地震后儿童心理干预与转变过程探索[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007,15(6):526-527.
[10]杨红梅,张晓明,张康莉,等.汶川大地震中抗震救灾官兵早期心理健康状态分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(2):241-242.
[11]杨艳杰,乔正学.地震灾区青少年学生心理健康状况调查[J].中国公共卫生,2008,24(12):1512-1513.
[12]汪瑞,陶雨.高原不同岗位官兵心理健康水平调查与分析[J].人民军医,2010,53(10):729-730.
[13]张理义,王云征,苏宗荣,等.心理干预对官兵身心及心理健康影响的研究[J].人民军医,2007,50(5):249-250.
[14]李伦,孙甜甜,彭菊聪,等.汶川地震文县居民心理伤害相关问题调查[J].中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(4):389-391.
[15]陈春霞,张理义,徐志熊,等.军人心理健康与职业压力及应对方式相关性研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2008,31(11):1381-1384.
[16]高存友,甘景梨,赵兰民,等.抗震救灾官兵心理应激反应及其影响因素[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2009,18(11):1022-1024.
[17]Coyne J C.Social support and coping process[J].AnnualReview of Pschology,1991,42:401-425.
[18]Peterson L.Special series:coping with medical illness andmedical procedures[J].Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology,1989,57(3):331-332.
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