5.12地震一年后北川灾区8-14岁儿童创伤症状及相关因素
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摘要
目的:了解震后1年北川小学生创伤症状的严重程度及风险因素。方法:在汶川地震1年后,整群抽样北川地区两所小学的715名3-5年级学生。使用自编基本情况问卷和儿童用创伤症状量表简版测查。结果:震后1年小学生的焦虑症状最为突出,其次是抑郁、创伤后应激障碍和分离,愤怒症状最弱。震前创伤、丧亲和当时感到强烈的害怕/无助/恐惧能显著预测创伤症状的各个维度;受伤和目睹死亡能预测PTSD症状和分离症状;男生的焦虑症状更严重。结论:震后1年灾区小学生心理健康状况仍然不容乐观,应当继续坚持心理辅导和干预,并特别关注有震前创伤、创伤暴露水平高(丧亲、受伤、目睹死亡)、和震时情绪反应强烈的学生。
Objective:To investigate the post-trauma symptoms among children in Mianyang,Sichuan,and to explore their risk factors one year after the 5.12 earthquake.Methods:715 primary school students,aged 10.76 on average,were sampled in early June,2009.The instruments used were a self-made scale to survey participants' basic information and Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children-Alternate(TSCC-A) to measure anxiety,depression,PTSD,anger,and dissociation.Results:The prevalence of above mentioned symptoms was 18.9%,11.3%,11.2%,3.9% and 10.2%,respectively.According to stepwise regression,prior trauma experience,bereavement and instant fear could significantly predict every aspect of trauma symptoms,having been injured and having witnessed death could predict PTSD and dissociation,and males' anxiety was even more severe.Conclusion:The mental health problem is still common among children one year after the earthquake,and those who have prior trauma experience,higher level of trauma exposure and instant fear need more attention.
Objective:To investigate the post-trauma symptoms among children in Mianyang,Sichuan,and to explore their risk factors one year after the 5.12 earthquake.Methods:715 primary school students,aged 10.76 on average,were sampled in early June,2009.The instruments used were a self-made scale to survey participants' basic information and Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children-Alternate(TSCC-A) to measure anxiety,depression,PTSD,anger,and dissociation.Results:The prevalence of above mentioned symptoms was 18.9%,11.3%,11.2%,3.9% and 10.2%,respectively.According to stepwise regression,prior trauma experience,bereavement and instant fear could significantly predict every aspect of trauma symptoms,having been injured and having witnessed death could predict PTSD and dissociation,and males' anxiety was even more severe.Conclusion:The mental health problem is still common among children one year after the earthquake,and those who have prior trauma experience,higher level of trauma exposure and instant fear need more attention.
引文
1赵冬梅,申荷永,刘志雅.创伤性分离症状及其认知研究.心理科学进展,2006,14(6):895-900
2 Wickrama KAS,Kaspar V.Family context of mental healthrisk in Tsunami-exposed adolescents:Findings from a pilotstudy in Sri Lanka.Social Science and Medicine,2006,64(3):713-723
3 Bal A.Post-traumatic stress disorder in Turkish child andadolescent survivors three years after the Marmara earth-quake.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,2007,3(13):134-139
4张本,张凤阁,王丽萍.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤后应激障碍现患率调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(6):469-473
5 Briere J.Trauma symptom checklist for children.San Anto-nio,TX:Psychological Corporation,1996
6李春秋,柳铭心,王力,史占彪.北川极重灾区小学生地震后创伤症状评估.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):66-68
7 Wang L,Zhang YQ,Wang WZ,et al.Symptoms of posttrau-matic stress disorder among adult three months after theSichuan Earthquake in China.Journal of Traumatic Stress,2009,22(5):449-450
8 Ehlers A,Mayou RA,Bryant B.Psychological predictors ofchronic post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicleaccidents.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,1998,107(3):508-519
9辛玖岭,祝卓宏,王力,等.汶川地震重灾区青少年创伤后应激障碍及其相关因素.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):63-66
10孙宇琪,朱莉琪.地震后儿童创伤后应激障碍的影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(4):270-274
11 Dawne SV,Daniel WK,Lynda AK.Risk pathways forPTSD:Making sense of the literature.Handbook of PTSDScience and Practice,edited by Matthew JF,Terence MK,Patricia AR.New York:the Guilford Press,2007.99-115
12 Chen SH,Lin YH,Tseng HM,Wu YC.Posttraumatic stressreactions in children and adolescents one year after the1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake.Journal of the ChineseInstitute of Engineers,2002,25(5):597-608
13 Giannopoulou I,Strouthos M,Smith P,et al.Post-traumaticstress reactions of children and adolescents exposed to theAthens 1999 earthquake.European Psychiatry,2006,21(3):160-166
14苏林雁,王凯,朱焱,等.儿童抑郁障碍自评量表的中国城市常模.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(8):547-549
15朱明婧,张兴利,汪艳,等.汶川地震孤儿的创伤后应激障碍和自我意识.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):73-75
2 Wickrama KAS,Kaspar V.Family context of mental healthrisk in Tsunami-exposed adolescents:Findings from a pilotstudy in Sri Lanka.Social Science and Medicine,2006,64(3):713-723
3 Bal A.Post-traumatic stress disorder in Turkish child andadolescent survivors three years after the Marmara earth-quake.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,2007,3(13):134-139
4张本,张凤阁,王丽萍.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤后应激障碍现患率调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(6):469-473
5 Briere J.Trauma symptom checklist for children.San Anto-nio,TX:Psychological Corporation,1996
6李春秋,柳铭心,王力,史占彪.北川极重灾区小学生地震后创伤症状评估.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):66-68
7 Wang L,Zhang YQ,Wang WZ,et al.Symptoms of posttrau-matic stress disorder among adult three months after theSichuan Earthquake in China.Journal of Traumatic Stress,2009,22(5):449-450
8 Ehlers A,Mayou RA,Bryant B.Psychological predictors ofchronic post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicleaccidents.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,1998,107(3):508-519
9辛玖岭,祝卓宏,王力,等.汶川地震重灾区青少年创伤后应激障碍及其相关因素.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):63-66
10孙宇琪,朱莉琪.地震后儿童创伤后应激障碍的影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(4):270-274
11 Dawne SV,Daniel WK,Lynda AK.Risk pathways forPTSD:Making sense of the literature.Handbook of PTSDScience and Practice,edited by Matthew JF,Terence MK,Patricia AR.New York:the Guilford Press,2007.99-115
12 Chen SH,Lin YH,Tseng HM,Wu YC.Posttraumatic stressreactions in children and adolescents one year after the1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake.Journal of the ChineseInstitute of Engineers,2002,25(5):597-608
13 Giannopoulou I,Strouthos M,Smith P,et al.Post-traumaticstress reactions of children and adolescents exposed to theAthens 1999 earthquake.European Psychiatry,2006,21(3):160-166
14苏林雁,王凯,朱焱,等.儿童抑郁障碍自评量表的中国城市常模.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(8):547-549
15朱明婧,张兴利,汪艳,等.汶川地震孤儿的创伤后应激障碍和自我意识.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):73-75
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