都江堰市地震灾区永久安置点卫生状况及居民卫生服务需求调查
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摘要
目的了解都江堰市地震灾区永久安置点环境卫生状况及居民卫生服务需求,为正在建设和尚未开工建设的灾民永久安置点提供经验和借鉴。方法2009-03,对都江堰市3个建成并入住永久安置点进行现场观察,系统抽样对居民进行问卷调查和个人访谈。调查内容包括安置点卫生状况、卫生服务需求状况,居民满意度等。结果共完成90份问卷,回收88份有效问卷。永久安置点选址、饮用水卫生、垃圾粪便处理、消杀制度方面符合卫生学标准,但存在卫生死角、缺乏储藏室和生活污水随意排放等缺陷;3处安置点均未设有医疗点;健康教育设施未修建且活动开展较少;有1处安置点采用分散式供水,存在下游居民饮用水源受到污染的风险;对安置点饮用水卫生状况、生活垃圾收运状况、社区环境状况、卫生防病宣传状况和医疗卫生服务满意的调查对象分别有86.7%、96.59%、93.18%、79.55%和56.82%;居民需求度最高的医疗服务和防病知识为疾病诊治和防蚊、蝇、鼠知识和技能,分别为86.36%和65.91%。结论都江堰地震灾区3处永久安置点建设基本符合卫生学标准,居民满意度较高,卫生机构应对已建成和建设中的安置点尽快开展卫生学评估,并对已建成并入住安置点开展有针对性的健康教育活动。
Objective To learn about the current status of sanitation in permanent resettlement points and the health service needed by the residents in quake-stricken area in Dujiangyan and provide reference for the future construction of permanent resettlement points. Methods The filed inspection,questionnaire survey and interviews among the people by system sampling were conducted in 3 permanent resettlement points in March,2008 to collect the information about sanitation status,health service needs and satisfying degree of the residents. Results Ninety questionnaires were returned and 88 were valid. General speaking,the site selection of the resettlement points and drinking water quality,rubbish/faeces treatment as well as disinfection in resettlement points met the hygiene standards,but there were still some problems in health measures' coverage,storeroom's number and wastewater disposal. There were no clinics in 3 resettlement points. No health education facilities were built and health education was rarely conducted. Decentralized water supply was applied in 1 resettlement point,which posed the risk of water pollution for the residents in lower reaches. Large proportion (86.70%,96.59%,93.18%,79.55% and 56.82% respectively) of the residents satisfied with the drinking water quality,waste collection system,sanitation,health education and health service. The health service needed mostly by the residents included the diagnosis and treatment of diseases (86.36%) and the basic knowledge of anti-mosquito,fly and mouse(65.91%). Conclusion All the 3 permanent resettlement points in Dujiangyan met the hygiene standards and the stratifying degree of the residents was high. The health evaluation to the permanent resettlement points which were either completed or in construction should be conducted by health institutions timely and health education should be performed among the population in the resettlement points.
Objective To learn about the current status of sanitation in permanent resettlement points and the health service needed by the residents in quake-stricken area in Dujiangyan and provide reference for the future construction of permanent resettlement points. Methods The filed inspection,questionnaire survey and interviews among the people by system sampling were conducted in 3 permanent resettlement points in March,2008 to collect the information about sanitation status,health service needs and satisfying degree of the residents. Results Ninety questionnaires were returned and 88 were valid. General speaking,the site selection of the resettlement points and drinking water quality,rubbish/faeces treatment as well as disinfection in resettlement points met the hygiene standards,but there were still some problems in health measures' coverage,storeroom's number and wastewater disposal. There were no clinics in 3 resettlement points. No health education facilities were built and health education was rarely conducted. Decentralized water supply was applied in 1 resettlement point,which posed the risk of water pollution for the residents in lower reaches. Large proportion (86.70%,96.59%,93.18%,79.55% and 56.82% respectively) of the residents satisfied with the drinking water quality,waste collection system,sanitation,health education and health service. The health service needed mostly by the residents included the diagnosis and treatment of diseases (86.36%) and the basic knowledge of anti-mosquito,fly and mouse(65.91%). Conclusion All the 3 permanent resettlement points in Dujiangyan met the hygiene standards and the stratifying degree of the residents was high. The health evaluation to the permanent resettlement points which were either completed or in construction should be conducted by health institutions timely and health education should be performed among the population in the resettlement points.
引文
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[3]邓微杰.灾后重建的有效性与社会评估[J].四川省情,2009,16(9):14-15.
[4]许斌.灾区重建亟须社会评估参与[J].中国卫生,2008,23(7):60-61.
[5]缪晓辉,沈慧,陈国良.汶川大地震灾后卫生重建的思考[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29(7):717-719.
[6]石国勇.地震灾后后防疫工作对策与思考[J].中国卫生,2008,23(7):95-96.
[7]李英华,钱玲,马昱,等,四川省绵阳市地震灾区居民临时安置点卫生状况及灾区居民健康教育需求调查[J].中国健康教育,2008,24(11):813-832.
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