“5·12”地震伤员损伤特点及震后初期急救分析
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摘要
目的分析"5.12"大地震伤员的损伤特点,探讨震后初期地震伤员的急救方法。方法以地震后1周都江堰市人民医院救治的地震伤员为对象,分析伤员的年龄、性别、致伤原因、损伤严重程度以及急救方法等信息。结果震后1周内共收治伤员2637例,前5d收治的伤员占93.9%,男和女分别占50.3%和49.7%;死亡伤员和存活伤员中多发伤分别占94.92%和69.94%;挤压/掩埋致伤占51.84%、钝器致伤占24.16%、跌倒/坠落致伤占12.36%;死亡伤员受伤部位以头部为第1位、其他依次是胸部和颈部,存活伤员受伤部位以下肢为第1位、上肢和头部分列第2、3位;所有伤员均现场急救,在保证伤员的生命体征平稳后积极后送至震后相对安全地区医院。结论地震伤员性别差异无统计学意义,挤压/掩埋和钝器致伤是主要的致伤原因,头部、颈和胸部受伤是地震伤员死亡的主要原因,对地震伤员震后初期的治疗以维持生命、分诊和后送为主。
Objective To analyze the features of seismic injury and the first aid of the wounded by "May 12" earthquake.Methods The wounded treated in Dujiangyan People's Hospital within 1 week after the earthquake were taken as the subjects.The information of age,gender,injury type and injury severity of the wounded were analyzed.Results A total of 2 637 wounded persons were treated within 1 week after the earthquake,and the wounded treated in the first five days accounted for 93.9%.The male cases and female cases accounted for 50.3% and 49.7% respectively.The proportion of multi-site injuries in the wounded who died later and the wounded who survived accounted for 94.92% and 69.94% respectively.51.48% of injuries were caused by crushing/burying,24.16% by blunt strike,12.36% by falling down.The most common injury site of the wounded who died later was head,followed by chest and neck,and the most common injury site of the wounded who survived was lower limb,followed by upper limb and head.All the wounded received first aid on the spot and were transferred to the hospital with better medical facility when their condition became stable.Conclusion The difference on gender of the wounded had no significance.Crushing/burying and blunt strike were the leading causes of injuries,and the injuries on head,chest and neck were the leading death causes.Saving life,triaging and transferring of the wounded were major works during the initial stage of medical rescue after the earthquake.
Objective To analyze the features of seismic injury and the first aid of the wounded by "May 12" earthquake.Methods The wounded treated in Dujiangyan People's Hospital within 1 week after the earthquake were taken as the subjects.The information of age,gender,injury type and injury severity of the wounded were analyzed.Results A total of 2 637 wounded persons were treated within 1 week after the earthquake,and the wounded treated in the first five days accounted for 93.9%.The male cases and female cases accounted for 50.3% and 49.7% respectively.The proportion of multi-site injuries in the wounded who died later and the wounded who survived accounted for 94.92% and 69.94% respectively.51.48% of injuries were caused by crushing/burying,24.16% by blunt strike,12.36% by falling down.The most common injury site of the wounded who died later was head,followed by chest and neck,and the most common injury site of the wounded who survived was lower limb,followed by upper limb and head.All the wounded received first aid on the spot and were transferred to the hospital with better medical facility when their condition became stable.Conclusion The difference on gender of the wounded had no significance.Crushing/burying and blunt strike were the leading causes of injuries,and the injuries on head,chest and neck were the leading death causes.Saving life,triaging and transferring of the wounded were major works during the initial stage of medical rescue after the earthquake.
引文
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[2]黄金72小时从何而来?[EB/OL].http://news.163.com/08/0516/08/4C27N6L1000125LI.html2008.12.15
[3]薛力,陈敏,尹代红,等.成都市第三人民医院563例汶川地震伤员救治分析[J].中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(8):597-601.
[4]蹇华胜,毕玉田.汶川地震创伤的流行病学特征[J].中国急救医学,2008,28(8):710-711.
[5]Bozkurt M,Ocguder A,Turktas U,Erdem M.The evaluation of trauma patients in Turkish Red Crescent Field Hospital following the Pakistan earthquake in2005[J].Injury,2007,38(3):290-297.
[6]Tahmasebi MN,Kiani K,Mazlouman SJ,et al.Musculoskeletal inju-ries associated with earthquake.A report of injuries of Iran s December26,2003Bam earthquake casualties managed in tertiary referral centers[J].Injury,2005,36(1):27-32.
[7]Wang ZG,Song SM.Medical aid in earthquake disasters[J].Chin J Traumatol,2008,11(4):195-197.
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