汶川地震后青少年幸存者PTSD症状的特点及其发展
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摘要
目的:本文考察了5·12汶川大地震重灾区幸存者中青少年的PTSD症状特点及其变化情况。方法:在地震半年后和一年后分别使用儿童版事件冲击量表对203名青少年进行重复施测。结果:①地震半年后,21.2%的青少年可能罹患PTSD;地震一年后,19.2%的青少年可能罹患PTSD。总体罹患率变化不显著。②地震半年后,伤残儿童PTSD检出率显著高于健全儿童;地震一年后,伤残儿童的检出率与健全儿童没有显著差异。③从得分上看,相对于地震半年后表现出的PTSD症状,地震一年后灾区青少年在事件冲击量表各维度上的得分及总分均显著降低。结论:地震一年后,灾区青少年的PTSD症状有所缓解,但仍存在较大比例的PTSD高危群体。
Objective: To study the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and the developments of the symptoms in adolescents exposed to the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake. Methods: 203 adolescents were investigated with the Children’s Impact of Event Scale both half year and one year after the earthquake. Results: ①21.2% adolescents were at the risk of developing PTSD half year after the earthquake; the positive incidence was 19.2% one year after the earthquake. ② Compare with the control group, the adolescents who were injured in the earthquake had higher risk of developing PTSD half year after the earthquake; yet, the incidences had no significant difference between those injured and healthy ones one year after the earthquake. ③Adolescents reported lower scores in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder one year after the earthquake as compared with half year after. Conclusion: As time goes on, the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in earthquake stricken adolescents relieved to some degree. However, the incidence still kept high.
Objective: To study the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and the developments of the symptoms in adolescents exposed to the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake. Methods: 203 adolescents were investigated with the Children’s Impact of Event Scale both half year and one year after the earthquake. Results: ①21.2% adolescents were at the risk of developing PTSD half year after the earthquake; the positive incidence was 19.2% one year after the earthquake. ② Compare with the control group, the adolescents who were injured in the earthquake had higher risk of developing PTSD half year after the earthquake; yet, the incidences had no significant difference between those injured and healthy ones one year after the earthquake. ③Adolescents reported lower scores in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder one year after the earthquake as compared with half year after. Conclusion: As time goes on, the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in earthquake stricken adolescents relieved to some degree. However, the incidence still kept high.
引文
1高宏生,惠武利,兰晓霞,等.SARS患者创伤后应激障碍的随访研究.中国康复医学杂志,2006,21(11):1003-1004
2Association AP.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.Washington,DC:Author,1994
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5刘贤臣,马登岱.心理创伤后应激障碍自评量表的编制和信度效度研究.中国行为医学科学,1998,7(2):93-96
6何恩忠.心理创伤后应激障碍46例临床分析.安徽医学,1998,19(5):78
7杨亚黎,粟卫国.克拉玛依市火灾死难儿童双亲的心理反应.中国医学伦理学,1999,6:28-29
8赵丞智,李俊福,等.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):145-147
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12范一鸣,孙源泉,宫瑞莹,等.异地复学震区中小学生PTSD及心理健康状况的调查.心理科学进展,2009,3:
13汪艳,张兴利,朱明婧,等.自尊在四川地震孤儿的同伴关系和心理健康之间的调节作用.心理科学进展,2009,17(3):562-566
14王孟成,戴晓阳,万娟.创伤后应激障碍的银子结构:对地震灾区青少年PCL数据的分析.中国临床心理学杂志,2009,17(4):420-423
15Perrin S,Meiser-Stedman R,Smith P.The children’s rev-ised impact of event scale(CRIES):Validity as a screening instrument for PTSD.Behavioural and Cognitive Psychot-herapy,2005,33(4):487-498
16温圆圆,张建新,刘德辉,等.汶川震后灾区中学生心理健康状况研究.预防医学情报杂志,2008,24(11):853-856
17Seedat S,Nyamai C,Njenga F,et al.Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms in urban African schools Survey in Cape Town and Nairobi.The British Journal of Psychiatry,2004,184(2):169-175
18Geckova A,Van Dijk JP,Stewart R,et al.Influence of social support on health among gender and socio-economic groups of adolescents.Oxford Univ Press,2003.13,44-50
19Solomon ALAZ.Gender differences in PTSD in israeli youth exposed to terror attacks.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,2009,24:959-976
20罗兴伟,高雪屏,蔡太生,等.汶川地震亲历者心理健康状况调查.中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16(6):571-573
2Association AP.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.Washington,DC:Author,1994
3何鸣,杨德森.翻车事故幸存者中精神创伤后应激障碍.中国心理卫生杂志,1993,7(4):148-151
4王焕林,崔庶.中国军人心理创伤后应激障碍的流行学调查.中华精神科杂志,1996,29(2):69-72
5刘贤臣,马登岱.心理创伤后应激障碍自评量表的编制和信度效度研究.中国行为医学科学,1998,7(2):93-96
6何恩忠.心理创伤后应激障碍46例临床分析.安徽医学,1998,19(5):78
7杨亚黎,粟卫国.克拉玛依市火灾死难儿童双亲的心理反应.中国医学伦理学,1999,6:28-29
8赵丞智,李俊福,等.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):145-147
9Goenjian AK,Molina L,Steinberg AM,et al.Posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among Nicaraguan adoles-cents after Hurricane Mitch.American Journal of Psychi-atry,2001,158(5):788-794
10赵玉芳,赵守良.震前生活事件,创伤程度对中学生震后心理应激状况的影响.心理科学进展,2009,3:
11楼丹丹,况利,艾明,等.震后青少年创伤后应激障碍病例分析.重庆医科大学学报,2009,34(5):654
12范一鸣,孙源泉,宫瑞莹,等.异地复学震区中小学生PTSD及心理健康状况的调查.心理科学进展,2009,3:
13汪艳,张兴利,朱明婧,等.自尊在四川地震孤儿的同伴关系和心理健康之间的调节作用.心理科学进展,2009,17(3):562-566
14王孟成,戴晓阳,万娟.创伤后应激障碍的银子结构:对地震灾区青少年PCL数据的分析.中国临床心理学杂志,2009,17(4):420-423
15Perrin S,Meiser-Stedman R,Smith P.The children’s rev-ised impact of event scale(CRIES):Validity as a screening instrument for PTSD.Behavioural and Cognitive Psychot-herapy,2005,33(4):487-498
16温圆圆,张建新,刘德辉,等.汶川震后灾区中学生心理健康状况研究.预防医学情报杂志,2008,24(11):853-856
17Seedat S,Nyamai C,Njenga F,et al.Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms in urban African schools Survey in Cape Town and Nairobi.The British Journal of Psychiatry,2004,184(2):169-175
18Geckova A,Van Dijk JP,Stewart R,et al.Influence of social support on health among gender and socio-economic groups of adolescents.Oxford Univ Press,2003.13,44-50
19Solomon ALAZ.Gender differences in PTSD in israeli youth exposed to terror attacks.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,2009,24:959-976
20罗兴伟,高雪屏,蔡太生,等.汶川地震亲历者心理健康状况调查.中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16(6):571-573
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