汶川地震救援人员一年后的焦虑状况及其影响因素
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摘要
目的探讨某部汶川地震救援人员1年后的焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法在汶川地震1年后,应用状态-特质焦虑问卷、应对方式问卷、一般自我效能感量表、领悟社会支持量表对241名救援人员进行调查分析。结果 (1)救援人员特质焦虑分[(37.57±4.06)分]明显低于国内常模[(41.11±7.74)分],而状态焦虑分[(44.24±5.03)分]明显高于国内常模[(39.71±8.89)分],差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。(2)状态焦虑与应对方式中的幻想因子呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与退避因子呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。特质焦虑与应对方式中的自责、退避、幻想和合理化因子呈显著正相关(均P<0.01);与自我效能感总分、领悟社会支持和应对方式中的解决问题、求助因子呈显著负相关(均P<0.01)。(3)对救援人员状态焦虑的影响因素为特质焦虑、退避因子、幻想因子。结论地震救援人员状态焦虑受特质焦虑、应对方式所影响,要重视引导救援人员采取成熟的应对方式,以增强其自我效能感,提高心理抵抗能力。
Objective To explore the anxiety status and its influencing factors of the rescuers one year after the Wenchuan earthquake.Methods A total of 241 rescuers were selected and evaluated by state-trait anxiety inventory,coping style inventory,general self-efficacy scale,perceived society support scale.Results (1)Compared with the scores of national norm in trait anxiety(41.11±7.74) and state anxiety(39.71±8.89),the mean score of trait anxiety(37.57±4.06) was decreased significantly and the mean score of state anxiety(44.24±5.03) was increased significantly(all P<0.01).(2) Significant positive correlation was observed between state anxiety and illusion factor of coping style(P<0.01),while significant negative correlation was observed between state anxiety and withdrawal factor.Significant positive correlation was also observed between trait anxiety and self-blaming,withdrawal,illusion and rationalization factors(all P<0.01);however,significant negative correlation was observed between trait anxiety and total score of self-efficacy,perceived society support,problem-solving and recourse factors of coping style(all P<0.01). (3)Trait anxiety had the greatest influence on the state anxiety of rescuers at earthquake,followed by withdrawal factor and illusion factor.Conclusion Trait anxiety and coping styles have significant influence on the state anxiety of rescuers at earthquake.A positive coping style should be developed and self efficacy should be increased to improve their psychological resistance.
Objective To explore the anxiety status and its influencing factors of the rescuers one year after the Wenchuan earthquake.Methods A total of 241 rescuers were selected and evaluated by state-trait anxiety inventory,coping style inventory,general self-efficacy scale,perceived society support scale.Results (1)Compared with the scores of national norm in trait anxiety(41.11±7.74) and state anxiety(39.71±8.89),the mean score of trait anxiety(37.57±4.06) was decreased significantly and the mean score of state anxiety(44.24±5.03) was increased significantly(all P<0.01).(2) Significant positive correlation was observed between state anxiety and illusion factor of coping style(P<0.01),while significant negative correlation was observed between state anxiety and withdrawal factor.Significant positive correlation was also observed between trait anxiety and self-blaming,withdrawal,illusion and rationalization factors(all P<0.01);however,significant negative correlation was observed between trait anxiety and total score of self-efficacy,perceived society support,problem-solving and recourse factors of coping style(all P<0.01). (3)Trait anxiety had the greatest influence on the state anxiety of rescuers at earthquake,followed by withdrawal factor and illusion factor.Conclusion Trait anxiety and coping styles have significant influence on the state anxiety of rescuers at earthquake.A positive coping style should be developed and self efficacy should be increased to improve their psychological resistance.
引文
[1]蒋湘玲,高允锁,王小丹,等.汶川地震救援人员焦虑抑郁症状调查[J].中国热带医学,2009,9(2):389-390.
[2]李权超,唐博恒,于泱,等.抗震救灾部队军人心理应激状况研究[J].临床心身疾病杂志,2009,15(3):251- 253.
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[6]Endler N S,Kocovski N L.State and trait anxiety revised [J].J Anxiety Disord,2001,15(3):231-245.
[7]宋宝萍,魏萍.大学生应对方式与焦虑的相关研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2005,13(4):452-453.
[8]狄文婧,陈青萍.丧偶老年人主观幸福感及其影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(5):372-376.
[9]Charuvastra A,Cloitre M.Social bonds and posttraumatic stress disorder[J].Annu Rev Psychol,2008(59):301- 328.
[10]张妍,陈福国.自我效能感及其与心理健康的研究进展[J].中国行为医学科学,2007,16(4):377-378.
[11]Endler N S.Stress,anxiety and coping:The multidimensional interaction model[J].Canadian Psychology,1997, 38(3):136-153.
[12]赵威丽,陆海红,刘贞杰,等.参与地震救援飞行员心理健康状况的调查与护理干预[J].解放军护理杂志,2009, 26(4A):20-22.
[13]裴蕾,王进华,宋绢.抗震救灾官兵的心理问题调查分析[J].解放军护理杂志,2009,26(2A):31-32.
[14]宋梓祥,李光耀,李宁,等.抗震救灾对救援官兵心理健康的影响及其干预性研究[J].精神医学杂志,2010,23 (1):54-55.
[15]常文军,张迁,朱诗应,等.汶川地震一个月后救援部队官兵心理健康状况调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2008, 29(7):725-728.
[2]李权超,唐博恒,于泱,等.抗震救灾部队军人心理应激状况研究[J].临床心身疾病杂志,2009,15(3):251- 253.
[3]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:238-241,109-115,131- 133.
[4]张作记.行为医学量表手册[M].济宁:中国行为医学科学杂志社,2005:187-188.
[5]苗丹民,王家同.临床心理学[M].西安:第四军医大学出版社,2004:49-60.
[6]Endler N S,Kocovski N L.State and trait anxiety revised [J].J Anxiety Disord,2001,15(3):231-245.
[7]宋宝萍,魏萍.大学生应对方式与焦虑的相关研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2005,13(4):452-453.
[8]狄文婧,陈青萍.丧偶老年人主观幸福感及其影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(5):372-376.
[9]Charuvastra A,Cloitre M.Social bonds and posttraumatic stress disorder[J].Annu Rev Psychol,2008(59):301- 328.
[10]张妍,陈福国.自我效能感及其与心理健康的研究进展[J].中国行为医学科学,2007,16(4):377-378.
[11]Endler N S.Stress,anxiety and coping:The multidimensional interaction model[J].Canadian Psychology,1997, 38(3):136-153.
[12]赵威丽,陆海红,刘贞杰,等.参与地震救援飞行员心理健康状况的调查与护理干预[J].解放军护理杂志,2009, 26(4A):20-22.
[13]裴蕾,王进华,宋绢.抗震救灾官兵的心理问题调查分析[J].解放军护理杂志,2009,26(2A):31-32.
[14]宋梓祥,李光耀,李宁,等.抗震救灾对救援官兵心理健康的影响及其干预性研究[J].精神医学杂志,2010,23 (1):54-55.
[15]常文军,张迁,朱诗应,等.汶川地震一个月后救援部队官兵心理健康状况调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2008, 29(7):725-728.
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