四川省汶川、理县部分地区地震后卫生状况及居民卫生需求调查
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摘要
目的了解汶川县、理县部分地区地震后卫生状况及居民灾后卫生与健康教育需求,为地震灾区卫生防疫与健康教育工作提供参考依据。方法地震发生后第14～36天,在四川省理县和汶川县部分城乡居民点进行卫生现状与需求调查,调查访谈受灾居民90人。结果城乡各安置点饮用水供应充足,食品供应基本充足。居民最急需的是帐篷(81.1%)。81.0%的居民认为厕所蹲坑数量能满足需要,66.7%的居民认为厕所比较脏或很脏。92.2%的居民地震后从不饮用生水。8.1%的居民能做到生熟刀板分开。24.6%的居民能将剩菜剩饭煮透后再吃。近一半农村居民没有获得过任何形式的健康教育。82.0%的居民希望获得传染病防治知识,地震后城乡卫生状况与居民卫生需求在多个方面存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论地震后农村地区厕所卫生、垃圾处理等问题较突出,农村居民卫生防病知识和技能还很欠缺。卫生工作者与村干部在健康教育中发挥了作用。
Objective To understand status and needs of hygiene and sanitation of residents in the temporary shelters in earthquake-stricken areas and provide a scientific evidence for epidemic prevention and health education.Methods From May 26th to June 17th,2008 (14～36 days after earthquake),by the convenience sampling,on-site observation,questionnaires and personal interviews were conducted for 90 subjects in urban and rural residents in temporary settlements.Results The supply of safe drinking water and food were generally adequate in the urban and rural settlements.The most urgent need was tents (81.1%).81.0 percent of residents felt that the number of pit latrines met the needs,but 66.7 percent thought the toilets were dirty.92.2 percent of the residents said that after the earthquake they had never drunken unboiled water.8.1 percent of the residents can separate raw and cooked knife and board.Nearly half of rural residents did not receive any form of knowledge of health promotion and education.82.0 percent of the residents would like to receive the knowledge on prevention of infectious diseases.Conclusions After the earthquake,there was significant difference on hygiene status and health demands of residents between urban and rural areas;in rural areas,toilet hygiene,waste disposal and other issues were more prominent,and rural residents were still lack of knowledge and skills on sanitation and disease prevention.Health workers and village cadres should play a good role in health education.
Objective To understand status and needs of hygiene and sanitation of residents in the temporary shelters in earthquake-stricken areas and provide a scientific evidence for epidemic prevention and health education.Methods From May 26th to June 17th,2008 (14～36 days after earthquake),by the convenience sampling,on-site observation,questionnaires and personal interviews were conducted for 90 subjects in urban and rural residents in temporary settlements.Results The supply of safe drinking water and food were generally adequate in the urban and rural settlements.The most urgent need was tents (81.1%).81.0 percent of residents felt that the number of pit latrines met the needs,but 66.7 percent thought the toilets were dirty.92.2 percent of the residents said that after the earthquake they had never drunken unboiled water.8.1 percent of the residents can separate raw and cooked knife and board.Nearly half of rural residents did not receive any form of knowledge of health promotion and education.82.0 percent of the residents would like to receive the knowledge on prevention of infectious diseases.Conclusions After the earthquake,there was significant difference on hygiene status and health demands of residents between urban and rural areas;in rural areas,toilet hygiene,waste disposal and other issues were more prominent,and rural residents were still lack of knowledge and skills on sanitation and disease prevention.Health workers and village cadres should play a good role in health education.
引文
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[2]曹佳.汶川大地震后理县卫生防疫工作的情况和经验[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2008,12(4):315-318.
[3]王声氵勇.汶川地震救援与突发灾害事件的卫生应急管理[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2008,12(4):319-320.
[4]缪晓辉,沈慧,陈国良.汶川大地震灾后卫生重建的思考[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29(7):717-719.
[5]钱玲,孟宪鹏,张继彬,等.震后灾区居民心理卫生状况及健康教育需求评估[J].中国健康教育,2008,24(11):817-821.
[6]杨凤英.浅谈地震灾害中健康教育的作用[J].中国健康教育,1999,15(8):62-63.
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