汶川地震后低年级小学生心理状况及连续1年心理干预分析
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摘要
目的了解地震后低年级儿童的心理状况和心理干预效果。方法使用儿童社交焦虑量表、儿童自我意识量表、Conners儿童行为问卷和儿童一般情况调查表,在灾后2个月进行评估,随后根据评估结果分别在班级开展团体和个别心理辅导,1年后再次评估了解干预效果。结果首次调查发现18%~40%的儿童有明显社交焦虑,20%~28%的儿童自我意识过低,20%~40%的儿童自我意识过高,60%~90%的儿童有行为异常,心里干预1年后,有明显社交焦虑儿童的比例下降为8%~10%,自我意识过低儿童比例增加到30%~48%,自我意识过高儿童比例下降13%~30%,有行为异常儿童比例下降到30%~80%。结论心理干预对低年级儿童心理创伤的康复具有肯定的疗效。
Objective We want to know the psychological status of children in lower grades and use of the efficacy of psychological intervention after the earthquak.Methods We use the social anxiety scale for children,children′s self-concept scale,conners children′s behavior questionnaire and child general questionnaire in grades 1～3 in primary school children,after earthquake two months the first time survey,according to assessment results are in each class groups and individual counseling,another pair of students in grades 1～3 psychological status of the investigation after a year and the effects of psychological intervention evaluation.Results The first survey found that about 18%～40% of children had significant symptoms of social anxiety,about 20%～28% of children obviously self-consciousness is too low,about 20%～40% of children obviously self-consciousness is too high,about 60%～90% of children with behavioral abnormalities,psychological intervention after 1 year,we found that social anxiety symptoms significantly the proportion of children dropped to 8%～10%,the proportion of children low self-awareness increased to 30%～48%,self-awareness too high proportion of children declined 13%～30%,the proportion of children with behavioral abnormalities decreased to 30%～80%.Conclusion We find if use psychological intervention on the psychological trauma of children with low grades have a positive effect of rehabilitation.
Objective We want to know the psychological status of children in lower grades and use of the efficacy of psychological intervention after the earthquak.Methods We use the social anxiety scale for children,children′s self-concept scale,conners children′s behavior questionnaire and child general questionnaire in grades 1～3 in primary school children,after earthquake two months the first time survey,according to assessment results are in each class groups and individual counseling,another pair of students in grades 1～3 psychological status of the investigation after a year and the effects of psychological intervention evaluation.Results The first survey found that about 18%～40% of children had significant symptoms of social anxiety,about 20%～28% of children obviously self-consciousness is too low,about 20%～40% of children obviously self-consciousness is too high,about 60%～90% of children with behavioral abnormalities,psychological intervention after 1 year,we found that social anxiety symptoms significantly the proportion of children dropped to 8%～10%,the proportion of children low self-awareness increased to 30%～48%,self-awareness too high proportion of children declined 13%～30%,the proportion of children with behavioral abnormalities decreased to 30%～80%.Conclusion We find if use psychological intervention on the psychological trauma of children with low grades have a positive effect of rehabilitation.
引文
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[2]赵高峰,杨彦春,张强,等.汶川地震极重灾区社区居民创伤后应激障碍发生率及影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(7):478~450
[3]汪向东,王希林,马弘主编.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].(增订版).北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999,248~249
[4]王玲芝,沈峰,廖森林.小学高年级学生自我意识与社交焦虑的相关性研究[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(7):649~650
[5]苏林雁,万国斌,杨志伟,等.Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表在湖南的修订[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1994,2(1):14~l8
[6]李飞,苏林雁,金宇.儿童焦虑量表全国协作组.儿童社交焦虑量表的中国城市常模[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2006,14(1):335~336
[7]徐筱莲,谢焱.185名小学生试用Conners儿童行为问卷调查报告[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1994,2(1):41~42
[8]范娟,杜亚松.Conners教师评定量表的中国城市常模和信度研究[J].上海精神医学,2004,16(2):69~71
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