四川省地震灾区集中式饮用水水质监测分析
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摘要
目的掌握四川省地震灾后集中式饮用水卫生安全情况,及时进行饮用水健康危害因素的预警,保障人群的饮水卫生安全。方法对地震灾区集中式供水工程进行调查,并按《生活饮用水卫生标准》对枯、丰水期水质进行检测。结果 356个工程中,地面水水源工程占62.08%,地下水水源工程占37.92%;332个工程中,水质完全处理的占55.12%,部分处理的占31.92%,未处理的占12.96%;检测的1 844份水样中,水样总体合格率为64%,各水期内出厂水和末梢水水质无统计学意义;枯水期水质好于丰水期,有统计学意义(χ2=49.8,P<0.01);地下水为水源的工程出厂水水质好于地面水,有统计学意义(χ2=12.79,P<0.01),完全处理和仅消毒的工程出厂水水质好于只沉淀过滤和未处理的工程,有统计学意义(χ2处理与沉淀=9.59,χ2处理与未处理=35.11,χ2仅消毒与沉淀=7.94,χ2仅消毒与未处理=25.23,P<0.01);单项指标检测中,除氯化物、砷和氟化物合格率达100%外,其余指标均有不同程度超标,游离余氯合格率为41.55%,二氧化氯合格率为64.85%,总大肠菌群合格率为71.71%。结论地震灾区集中式供水工程建设和管理不完善,水质合格率较低,以微生物超标和消毒残留量合格率低为主,应完善地震灾区集中式饮水工程建设,制定长效管理机制,以保障农村饮水卫生安全。
Objectives To master the safety status of central water supply in earthquake disaster areas of Sichuan province,and to provide early warning of health-related factors in drinking water for the public health of people.Methods To survey central water supply projects in earthquake disaster areas according to the scheme established by the Department of Public Health,and to detect the water quality in wet and dry seasons according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality.Result In the 356 projects monitored for water sources,surface water accounted for 62.08% and ground water accounted for 37.92%.In the 332 projects monitored for water treatment,55.12% of water supplies were completely treated,31.92% of them were partly treated and other 12.96% had no any treatment.The qualified rate of 1844 water samples was 64%;there was no statistical difference between finished water and tap water.The quality of water in dry season was better than that in wet season(χ2=49.8,P<0.01),ground water was better than surface water(χ2=12.79,P<0.01).The quality of water completely treated and only treated by disinfectants was better than the water treated only by precipitation and filtration or untreated(P<0.01).The qualified rates for chloride,arsenic and fluoride were 100%,other indices were unqualified in different degrees;the qualified rate for free residual chlorine was 41.55%,for chlorine dioxide was 64.85% and for total coli form counts was 71.71%.Conclusions The construction and management of water supply projects in earthquake disaster areas were insufficient;the qualified rate of water samples was low.The main unqualified indices were residual disinfectants and microbiological indices.It is needed to perfect the construction of central water supply projects in earthquake disaster areas and to establish long-acting management system for the safety of drinking water in rural areas.
Objectives To master the safety status of central water supply in earthquake disaster areas of Sichuan province,and to provide early warning of health-related factors in drinking water for the public health of people.Methods To survey central water supply projects in earthquake disaster areas according to the scheme established by the Department of Public Health,and to detect the water quality in wet and dry seasons according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality.Result In the 356 projects monitored for water sources,surface water accounted for 62.08% and ground water accounted for 37.92%.In the 332 projects monitored for water treatment,55.12% of water supplies were completely treated,31.92% of them were partly treated and other 12.96% had no any treatment.The qualified rate of 1844 water samples was 64%;there was no statistical difference between finished water and tap water.The quality of water in dry season was better than that in wet season(χ2=49.8,P<0.01),ground water was better than surface water(χ2=12.79,P<0.01).The quality of water completely treated and only treated by disinfectants was better than the water treated only by precipitation and filtration or untreated(P<0.01).The qualified rates for chloride,arsenic and fluoride were 100%,other indices were unqualified in different degrees;the qualified rate for free residual chlorine was 41.55%,for chlorine dioxide was 64.85% and for total coli form counts was 71.71%.Conclusions The construction and management of water supply projects in earthquake disaster areas were insufficient;the qualified rate of water samples was low.The main unqualified indices were residual disinfectants and microbiological indices.It is needed to perfect the construction of central water supply projects in earthquake disaster areas and to establish long-acting management system for the safety of drinking water in rural areas.
引文
[1]胡志刚,王德东,王鸣,等.汶川地震灾区生活饮用水消毒质量的调查[J].中国消毒学杂志,2008,25(6):636-638.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T5750-2006生活饮用水标准检验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB5749-2006生活饮用水卫生标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[4]黄涛,吴传业,陈彦华,等.湖南省农村供水设施饮水安全计划应用研究[J].实用预防医学,2007,14(6):1688-1691.
[5]柯跃斌,程锦泉,余淑苑,等.地震灾害与饮水安全[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7)479-481.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T5750-2006生活饮用水标准检验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB5749-2006生活饮用水卫生标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[4]黄涛,吴传业,陈彦华,等.湖南省农村供水设施饮水安全计划应用研究[J].实用预防医学,2007,14(6):1688-1691.
[5]柯跃斌,程锦泉,余淑苑,等.地震灾害与饮水安全[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7)479-481.
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