绵阳市“5.12”地震后3年卫生防疫工作措施与效果
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摘要
目的了解"5.12"地震后3年绵阳市卫生防疫工作措施与效果,旨在确保大灾之后三年无大疫的控制目标。方法搜集、整理绵阳震后传染病疫情资料及卫生防疫工作相关报表与专题调查及报告,提出相关卫生防疫措施:整合资源、统筹指挥,卫生防疫工作覆盖到村;规范应急处置,统一技术方案;加强环境卫生治理和消杀防疫,消除病媒生物性疾病隐患;防止食源性疾病与食物中毒发生,严格食品卫生监督监测;保证灾区饮水安全,加强现场监测与实验室检测相结合;加快能力恢复,注重疫情监测报告与分析;加强应急接种,建立有效免疫屏障;积极开展健康教育,普及灾后卫生防病知识,开展灾民安置点及学校卫生督导检查,控制群体危险因素发生;开展病媒生物监测,防止媒介生物孳生,研究"5.12"地震后3年绵阳市卫生防疫工作状况,分析卫生防疫工作效果。结果由于卫生防疫工作应对措施得当,灾区卫生状况得到明显改善,截止2011年1月未发生甲类传染病及暴发疫情和突发公共卫生事件,乙、丙类传染病报告发病率(24.0938/10万)较地震前(2008年)同期水平(29.1069/10万)下降了17.22%。结论 5.12地震后绵阳市卫生防疫工作措施,科学有效,处置有力,确保了大灾之后3年无大疫的控制目标,对特大自然灾害后的卫生防疫工作有较大的指导意义和参考价值。
[Objective]To understand the health and epidemic prevention measures and effects of three years after 5.12 earthquake in Mianyang City,to ensure that no major epidemic disease. [Methods]The information on infectious diseases,health and epidemic prevention work-related statements,the special investigation and report were collected;related epidemic prevention measures were proposed,including integration of resources,coordination command,health and epidemic prevention work coverage to the village;standardized emergency,unified technical plan;strengthening environmental health management and disinfection,elimination of risks of disease vectors;prevention of food-borne diseases and food poisoning,strict supervision and monitoring of food hygiene;ensuring the safety of drinking water,strengthening the combination of field monitoring and laboratory testing;accelerating the capacity recovery,focusing on analysis and surveillance of epidemic report;strengthening emergency vaccination,establishing effective immune barrier;active in health education,popularization knowledge of disease prevention among people after disaster;enhancing supervision and inspection of school health in victim settlements,carrying out vector monitoring,controlling vector breeding.Through study on health and epidemic prevention measures and effects in Mianyang City 3 years after earthquake the effects of health and epidemic prevention were analyzed. [Results]Due to the properly epidemic prevention work,the health status in disaster area was significantly improved.No case of category A infectious disease and related outbreak and public health emergencies had occurred until January 2011.Compared to the same period before earthquake(2008),the reported incidence of infectious disease category B and C decreased by 17.22%(from 24.0938 /100 000 in 2008 to 29.1069/100 000 in 2011). [Conclusion]The health and epidemic prevention measures adopted after earthquake in Mianyang City are scientific and effective,which achieves the goal that no major epidemic disease and provide reference for health and epidemic prevention work after massive natural disasters.
[Objective]To understand the health and epidemic prevention measures and effects of three years after 5.12 earthquake in Mianyang City,to ensure that no major epidemic disease. [Methods]The information on infectious diseases,health and epidemic prevention work-related statements,the special investigation and report were collected;related epidemic prevention measures were proposed,including integration of resources,coordination command,health and epidemic prevention work coverage to the village;standardized emergency,unified technical plan;strengthening environmental health management and disinfection,elimination of risks of disease vectors;prevention of food-borne diseases and food poisoning,strict supervision and monitoring of food hygiene;ensuring the safety of drinking water,strengthening the combination of field monitoring and laboratory testing;accelerating the capacity recovery,focusing on analysis and surveillance of epidemic report;strengthening emergency vaccination,establishing effective immune barrier;active in health education,popularization knowledge of disease prevention among people after disaster;enhancing supervision and inspection of school health in victim settlements,carrying out vector monitoring,controlling vector breeding.Through study on health and epidemic prevention measures and effects in Mianyang City 3 years after earthquake the effects of health and epidemic prevention were analyzed. [Results]Due to the properly epidemic prevention work,the health status in disaster area was significantly improved.No case of category A infectious disease and related outbreak and public health emergencies had occurred until January 2011.Compared to the same period before earthquake(2008),the reported incidence of infectious disease category B and C decreased by 17.22%(from 24.0938 /100 000 in 2008 to 29.1069/100 000 in 2011). [Conclusion]The health and epidemic prevention measures adopted after earthquake in Mianyang City are scientific and effective,which achieves the goal that no major epidemic disease and provide reference for health and epidemic prevention work after massive natural disasters.
引文
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[2]陈志,李大春,罗贇,等,绵阳重灾区饮用水卫生恢复情况分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2009,19(6):1400-1419.
[3]凡娅,刘颜,张佩如,等,汶川大地震后绵阳极重灾区群体性预防接种的实施与效果分析[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(10):1953-1954.
[4]李仕一,刘昌弟,向定全,等,绵阳市地震灾区病媒生物控制与监测分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2010,21(2):96-97.
[5]王德斌,蔡海燕,洪倩,等,从系统论看我国公共卫生体系建设[J].中国卫生事业管理,2006(1):37-39.
[6]周云,侯再金,向定全,等,基层疾控机构应急机制的探索与实践[J].现代预防医学,2007,34(18):3526-3529.
[7]米桂英,胡愠茹,尚爱平,等,绵阳市疾病预防控制机构人员现状分析[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(1):84-85.
[8]刘权,党继光,韩淑琴,等,突发公共卫生事件网络直报工作的探讨[J].现代预防医学,2006,33(4):641-642.
[9]顾春英,常文军,张宏伟,等,我国部分省市公共卫生实验室现状的调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2004,25:248-251.
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