护理人员在地震救灾中的体验
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摘要
[目的]进一步分析护理人员在2008年汶川地震后的体验,了解发展中国家在灾害救护准备中存在的问题。[方法]运用质性研究的方法,应用伽达默尔的哲学诠释学,解释10名注册护士在抗震救灾中的体验。[结果]通过分析护士在汶川地震中的体验,得出护士在应对灾难中需要扮演多种角色。从访谈中归纳出3个主题,即救灾过程中的恐惧及心理状况;面临的挑战和应对策略;再次体验帮助和照护的角色。[结论]如果没有教育和灾害救护培训,护士不可能在救灾中做好充分准备,更不能达到态度端正、高效、良好协作,也不可能使自身压力减低。提示对护士进行关于灾害救护系统的教育与技能培训是十分必要的。
Objective: To further analyze the experience of the earthquake relief of nursing staff in Wenchuan in 2008 and know about the problems of developing countries in the preparation of disaster ambulance.Methods:The experience of 10 nurses in earthquake relief was analyzed by qualitative research methods using Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics.Results:Through the analysis of the experience of nurses in the earthquake,it got that the nurses in the disaster needed to play multiple roles.Three themes were summarized from the interviews:fear and psychological conditions in the relief process;the challenges and coping strategies;the roles of help and care in again experience.Conclusion:If there were no education and disaster rescue training,nurses could not be fully prepared for disaster relief and reach to the right attitude,efficient,and good collaboration,it was impossible to make themselves reduce the pressure.This prompts that education and skills training on disaster care systems for the nurses are very essential.
Objective: To further analyze the experience of the earthquake relief of nursing staff in Wenchuan in 2008 and know about the problems of developing countries in the preparation of disaster ambulance.Methods:The experience of 10 nurses in earthquake relief was analyzed by qualitative research methods using Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics.Results:Through the analysis of the experience of nurses in the earthquake,it got that the nurses in the disaster needed to play multiple roles.Three themes were summarized from the interviews:fear and psychological conditions in the relief process;the challenges and coping strategies;the roles of help and care in again experience.Conclusion:If there were no education and disaster rescue training,nurses could not be fully prepared for disaster relief and reach to the right attitude,efficient,and good collaboration,it was impossible to make themselves reduce the pressure.This prompts that education and skills training on disaster care systems for the nurses are very essential.
引文
[1]Littleton-Kearney MT,Slepski LA.Di-rections for disaster nursing educationin the United States[J].Critical CareNursing Clinics of North America,2008,20(1):103-109.
[2]Niu XX,Tan YJ,Du L.Reflection on on-site rescue of the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Nursing Journal of Chinese People’sLiberation Army,2008,25(7B):9-10.
[3]Gadamer HG.Truth and method[M].New York:The Crossroad PublishingCorporation,1999:91-98.
[4]张清.我国灾害护理学及灾害护理教育现状分析与启示[J].护理研究,2009,23(4A):923-924.
[5]Mitchell A,Sakraida T,Zalice K.Disas-ter care:Psychological considerations[J].Nursing Clinics of North America,2005,40(3):535-550.
[6]Ireland M,Emerson E,Kontzamanis E,et al.Integrating disaster preparednessinto a community health nursingcourse:One school’s experience[J].Disaster Management&Response,2006,4(3):72-76.
[7]Weiner E.Emergency preparedness cur-riculum in nursing schools in the UniteStates[J].Nursing Education Perspec-tives,2005,26(6):334-339.
[8]Jennings-Sanders A,Frisch NWS.Nurs-ing students’perceptions about disasternursing[J].Disaster Management&Re-sponse,2005,3(3):80-85.
[9]Hale JF.Managing a disaster scene andmultiple casualties before help arrives[J].Crtical Care Nursing Clinics ofNorth America,2008,20(1):91-102.
[10]Xiao LD.Nusing educators’perceivedchallenges in mandatory continuingnursing education[J].InternationalNursing Review,2006,52(3):217-223.
[11]Minami H.Guest editorial[J].Inter-national Nursing Review,2007,54(1):1-2.
[12]杨亚娟,卢根娣,徐丽萍,等.赴川抗震救灾医疗队护理组织管理体会[J].解放军护理杂志,2008,25(6B):3-4.
[13]Wynd CA.A proposed model for mili-tary disaster nursing[J].Online Jour-nal of Issues in Nursing,2006,11(3):17.
[14]Nasrabad AN.INR authors speak out:Improving nursing care following dis-asters[J].International Nursing Re-view,2007,54(1):10.
[15]Nasrabad AN,Naj H,Mirzabeigi G,et al.Earthquake relief:Iranian nurses’re-sponses in Bam,2003,and lessonslearned[J].International Nursing Re-view,2007,54(1):13-18.
[16]Shih FJ.The impact of the 9-21earth-quake experiences of Taiwanese nursesas rescuers[J].Social Science&Medi-cine,2002,55(4):659-672.
[17]Arbon P.Australian nurses voluntee-ring for the Sumatra-Andaman earth-quake and Tsunami of 2004:A reviewof experience and analysis of data col-lected by the Tsunami Volunteer Hot-line[J].Australasian EmergencyNursing Journal,2006,9(4):171-178.
[18]Hughes F,Grigg M,Fritsch K,et al.Psychosocial response in emergencysituations:The nurse’role[J].Interna-tional Nursing Review,2007,54(1):19-27.
[19]Maher HK.Posttraumatic stress dis-order after the hurricanes[J].AaohnJournal,2006,54(11):508.
[20]Stanley JM.Disaster competency de-velopment and integration in nursingeducation[J].Nursing Clinics ofNorth America,2005,40(3):453-467.
[21]Williams J,Nocera M,Casteel C.Theeffectiveness of disaster training forhealth care workers:A systematic re-view[J].Annals of Emergency Medi-cine,2008,52(3):211-222.
[2]Niu XX,Tan YJ,Du L.Reflection on on-site rescue of the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Nursing Journal of Chinese People’sLiberation Army,2008,25(7B):9-10.
[3]Gadamer HG.Truth and method[M].New York:The Crossroad PublishingCorporation,1999:91-98.
[4]张清.我国灾害护理学及灾害护理教育现状分析与启示[J].护理研究,2009,23(4A):923-924.
[5]Mitchell A,Sakraida T,Zalice K.Disas-ter care:Psychological considerations[J].Nursing Clinics of North America,2005,40(3):535-550.
[6]Ireland M,Emerson E,Kontzamanis E,et al.Integrating disaster preparednessinto a community health nursingcourse:One school’s experience[J].Disaster Management&Response,2006,4(3):72-76.
[7]Weiner E.Emergency preparedness cur-riculum in nursing schools in the UniteStates[J].Nursing Education Perspec-tives,2005,26(6):334-339.
[8]Jennings-Sanders A,Frisch NWS.Nurs-ing students’perceptions about disasternursing[J].Disaster Management&Re-sponse,2005,3(3):80-85.
[9]Hale JF.Managing a disaster scene andmultiple casualties before help arrives[J].Crtical Care Nursing Clinics ofNorth America,2008,20(1):91-102.
[10]Xiao LD.Nusing educators’perceivedchallenges in mandatory continuingnursing education[J].InternationalNursing Review,2006,52(3):217-223.
[11]Minami H.Guest editorial[J].Inter-national Nursing Review,2007,54(1):1-2.
[12]杨亚娟,卢根娣,徐丽萍,等.赴川抗震救灾医疗队护理组织管理体会[J].解放军护理杂志,2008,25(6B):3-4.
[13]Wynd CA.A proposed model for mili-tary disaster nursing[J].Online Jour-nal of Issues in Nursing,2006,11(3):17.
[14]Nasrabad AN.INR authors speak out:Improving nursing care following dis-asters[J].International Nursing Re-view,2007,54(1):10.
[15]Nasrabad AN,Naj H,Mirzabeigi G,et al.Earthquake relief:Iranian nurses’re-sponses in Bam,2003,and lessonslearned[J].International Nursing Re-view,2007,54(1):13-18.
[16]Shih FJ.The impact of the 9-21earth-quake experiences of Taiwanese nursesas rescuers[J].Social Science&Medi-cine,2002,55(4):659-672.
[17]Arbon P.Australian nurses voluntee-ring for the Sumatra-Andaman earth-quake and Tsunami of 2004:A reviewof experience and analysis of data col-lected by the Tsunami Volunteer Hot-line[J].Australasian EmergencyNursing Journal,2006,9(4):171-178.
[18]Hughes F,Grigg M,Fritsch K,et al.Psychosocial response in emergencysituations:The nurse’role[J].Interna-tional Nursing Review,2007,54(1):19-27.
[19]Maher HK.Posttraumatic stress dis-order after the hurricanes[J].AaohnJournal,2006,54(11):508.
[20]Stanley JM.Disaster competency de-velopment and integration in nursingeducation[J].Nursing Clinics ofNorth America,2005,40(3):453-467.
[21]Williams J,Nocera M,Casteel C.Theeffectiveness of disaster training forhealth care workers:A systematic re-view[J].Annals of Emergency Medi-cine,2008,52(3):211-222.
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