云南省3次地震的余震活动的折合能量-地震矩关系
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摘要
折合能量或视应力如何随地震矩而变化,即折合能量-地震矩定标关系,是一个目前争议颇多的问题,需要更多的观测资料来参加讨论。本文利用2000年1月15日姚安5.9、6.5级地震,2001年10月27日永胜6.0级地震,2003年7月21日、10月16日大姚6.2、6.1级地震的余震序列的观测结果,讨论了这一问题。在估算能量时采用了Brune震源谱模型情况下的Andrews方法。结果表明,对这3次地震的余震序列来说,小于4级的地震活动的“折合能量”随地震矩而上升,而大于4级的地震数目虽不多,却呈现出折合能量不随地震矩而变化的特点。
The scaling law between reduced energy and seismic moment is a controversial issue in seismology. To resolve this question requires more observational data, especially local and regional ones. We collect observation reports of three earthquake sequences occurred in Yunnan Province and investigate the scaling law between reduced energy and seismic moment with these reports. We use Andrews method which is based on Brune's model to calculate radiated energy. Our result shows that reduced energy increases with seismic moment for earthquakes with M_L<4. For earthquakes with M_L>4, however,it seems that reduced energy doesn't vary with seismic moment.
The scaling law between reduced energy and seismic moment is a controversial issue in seismology. To resolve this question requires more observational data, especially local and regional ones. We collect observation reports of three earthquake sequences occurred in Yunnan Province and investigate the scaling law between reduced energy and seismic moment with these reports. We use Andrews method which is based on Brune's model to calculate radiated energy. Our result shows that reduced energy increases with seismic moment for earthquakes with M_L<4. For earthquakes with M_L>4, however,it seems that reduced energy doesn't vary with seismic moment.
引文
秦嘉政、叶建庆、蔡绍平等,2003,云南姚安、永胜地震近源数字地震观测与现代新参数报告,1~255,北京:地震出版社。
秦嘉政、叶建庆、蔡绍平等,2005,云南大姚地震近源数字地震观测与现代新参数报告,1~445,北京:地震出版社。
史勇军、吴忠良、徐果明,2005,中小地震宽频带辐射能量的单台测定,中国地震,21(1):24~32。
Abercrombie,R.E.,1995,Earthquake source scalingrelationship from1to5MLusing seismograms recorded at2.5kmdepth,J.Geophys.Res.,100:24015~24036.
Andrews,D.J.,1986,Objective determination of source parameters and similarity of earthquakes of different size,In:Das,S.Boatwright,J.and Scholz,C.H.(eds.),Earthquake Source Mechanics.Washington,D.C.:AGU,259~267.
Beeler,N.M.,Wong,T.-F.and Hickman,S.H.,2003,On the expected relationships among apparent stress,static stress drop,effective shear fracture energy,and efficiency,Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,93:1381~1389.
Brune,J.N.,1970,Tectonic stress and spectra of seismic shear waves fromearthquakes,J.Geophys.Res.,75:4997~5009.
Brune,J.N.,1971,Correction,J.Geophys.Res.,76:5002.
Choy,G.L.and Boatwright,J.L.,1995,Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress,J.Geophys.Res.,100:18205~18228.
Hiramatsu,Y.,Yamanaka,H.,Tadokoro,K.,et al.,2002,Scaling law between corner frequency and seismic moment ofmicroearthquakes:is the breakdown of the cube law a nature of earthquakes?Geophys.Res.Lett.,29:8,doi:10.1029/2001GL013894.
Ide,S.and Beroza,G.C.,2001,Does apparent stress vary with earthquake size?Geophys.Res.Lett.,28:3349~3352.
Ide,S.,Beroza,G.C.,Prejean,S.G.,et al.,2003,Apparent break in earthquake scaling due to path and site effects on deepborehole recordings,J.Geophys.Res.,108:B5,2271,doi:10.1029/2001JB001617.
Izutani,Y.and Kanamori,H.,2001,Scale-dependence of seismic energy-ro-moment ratio for strike-slip earthquakes in Japan,Geophys.Res.Lett.,28:4007~4010.
Kanamori,H.,Hauksson,E.,Hutton,L.K.,et al.,1993,Determination of earthquake energyrelease andMLusing TERRAscope,Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,83:330~346.
Mayeda,K.and Walter,W.R.,1996,Moment,energy,stress drop,and source spectra of western United States earthquakes fromregional coda envelopes,J.Geophys.Res.,101:11195~11208.
Mayeda,K.,Goek,R.,Walter,W.R.,et al.,2005a,Evidence for non-constant energy/moment scalingfromcoda-derived sourcespectra,AGUChapman Conference on Radiated Energy and Physics of Earthquake Faulting,Portland,June13~17,2005,poster.
Mayeda,K.,Goek,R.,Walter,W.R.,et al.,2005b,Evidence for non-constant energy/moment scalingfromcoda-derived sourcespectra,Geophys.Res.Lett.,32:L10306,doi:10.1029/2005GL022405.
McGarr,A.,1999,On relating apparent stress tothe stress causing earthquake fault slip,J.Geophys.Res.,104:3003~3011.
Prejean,S.G.and Ellsworth,W.L.,2001,Observations of earthquake source parameters at2kmdepthinthe Long Valley caldera,eastern California,Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,91:165~177.
Prieto,G.A.,Shearer,P.M.,Vernon,F.L.,et al.,2004,Earthquake source scaling and self-similarity estimationfromstackingPand S spectra,J.Geophys.Res.,109:B08310,doi:10.1029/2004JB003084.
Richardson,E.and Jordan,T.H.,2002.Seismicityin deep gold mines of South Africa:implications for tectonic earthquakes,BullSeism.Soc.Amer.,92:1766~1782.
Shaw,B.E.,1998.Far-fieldradiated energyscalingin elastodynamic earthquakefault models,Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,88:1457~1465.
Wang,J.-H.,2004,The seismic efficiency of the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake,Geophys.Res.Lett.,31:L10613,doi:10.1029/2004GL019417.
秦嘉政、叶建庆、蔡绍平等,2005,云南大姚地震近源数字地震观测与现代新参数报告,1~445,北京:地震出版社。
史勇军、吴忠良、徐果明,2005,中小地震宽频带辐射能量的单台测定,中国地震,21(1):24~32。
Abercrombie,R.E.,1995,Earthquake source scalingrelationship from1to5MLusing seismograms recorded at2.5kmdepth,J.Geophys.Res.,100:24015~24036.
Andrews,D.J.,1986,Objective determination of source parameters and similarity of earthquakes of different size,In:Das,S.Boatwright,J.and Scholz,C.H.(eds.),Earthquake Source Mechanics.Washington,D.C.:AGU,259~267.
Beeler,N.M.,Wong,T.-F.and Hickman,S.H.,2003,On the expected relationships among apparent stress,static stress drop,effective shear fracture energy,and efficiency,Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,93:1381~1389.
Brune,J.N.,1970,Tectonic stress and spectra of seismic shear waves fromearthquakes,J.Geophys.Res.,75:4997~5009.
Brune,J.N.,1971,Correction,J.Geophys.Res.,76:5002.
Choy,G.L.and Boatwright,J.L.,1995,Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress,J.Geophys.Res.,100:18205~18228.
Hiramatsu,Y.,Yamanaka,H.,Tadokoro,K.,et al.,2002,Scaling law between corner frequency and seismic moment ofmicroearthquakes:is the breakdown of the cube law a nature of earthquakes?Geophys.Res.Lett.,29:8,doi:10.1029/2001GL013894.
Ide,S.and Beroza,G.C.,2001,Does apparent stress vary with earthquake size?Geophys.Res.Lett.,28:3349~3352.
Ide,S.,Beroza,G.C.,Prejean,S.G.,et al.,2003,Apparent break in earthquake scaling due to path and site effects on deepborehole recordings,J.Geophys.Res.,108:B5,2271,doi:10.1029/2001JB001617.
Izutani,Y.and Kanamori,H.,2001,Scale-dependence of seismic energy-ro-moment ratio for strike-slip earthquakes in Japan,Geophys.Res.Lett.,28:4007~4010.
Kanamori,H.,Hauksson,E.,Hutton,L.K.,et al.,1993,Determination of earthquake energyrelease andMLusing TERRAscope,Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,83:330~346.
Mayeda,K.and Walter,W.R.,1996,Moment,energy,stress drop,and source spectra of western United States earthquakes fromregional coda envelopes,J.Geophys.Res.,101:11195~11208.
Mayeda,K.,Goek,R.,Walter,W.R.,et al.,2005a,Evidence for non-constant energy/moment scalingfromcoda-derived sourcespectra,AGUChapman Conference on Radiated Energy and Physics of Earthquake Faulting,Portland,June13~17,2005,poster.
Mayeda,K.,Goek,R.,Walter,W.R.,et al.,2005b,Evidence for non-constant energy/moment scalingfromcoda-derived sourcespectra,Geophys.Res.Lett.,32:L10306,doi:10.1029/2005GL022405.
McGarr,A.,1999,On relating apparent stress tothe stress causing earthquake fault slip,J.Geophys.Res.,104:3003~3011.
Prejean,S.G.and Ellsworth,W.L.,2001,Observations of earthquake source parameters at2kmdepthinthe Long Valley caldera,eastern California,Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,91:165~177.
Prieto,G.A.,Shearer,P.M.,Vernon,F.L.,et al.,2004,Earthquake source scaling and self-similarity estimationfromstackingPand S spectra,J.Geophys.Res.,109:B08310,doi:10.1029/2004JB003084.
Richardson,E.and Jordan,T.H.,2002.Seismicityin deep gold mines of South Africa:implications for tectonic earthquakes,BullSeism.Soc.Amer.,92:1766~1782.
Shaw,B.E.,1998.Far-fieldradiated energyscalingin elastodynamic earthquakefault models,Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,88:1457~1465.
Wang,J.-H.,2004,The seismic efficiency of the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake,Geophys.Res.Lett.,31:L10613,doi:10.1029/2004GL019417.
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