地震中受灾群体与救援人员人格、应对方式和心身健康比较
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摘要
目的比较地震灾后受灾群众和救援人员的人格特点、应对方式和心身健康差异,为灾后不同群体的心理危机干预提供指导。方法 5.12四川地震后第8天用人格量表、应对方式量表和心身健康量表对受灾群众和救援人员两个群体共436人作调查分析。结果受灾群众的合群、信任、同情、责任人格特点分数显著高于救援人员(t=-3.126,P<0.01;t=-3.276,P<0.01;t=-2.755,P<0.01;t=-2.458,P<0.05);变通和乐观显著低于救援人员(t=2.151,P<0.05;t=4.627,P<0.001)。退避、幻想、自责及合理化应对方式分数显著高于救援人员(t=-6.726,P<0.001;t=-6.004,P<0.001;t=-4.462,P<0.001;t=-4.114,P<0.001)。抑郁、烦躁、愤怒、焦虑、恐惧、注意力、失眠、生理不适应心身健康分数显著高于救援人员(t=-2.353,P<0.05;t=-2.110,P<0.05;t=-3.276,P<0.05;t=-6.142,P<0.001;t=-11.032,P<0.001;t=-5.070,P<0.001;t=-8.950,P<0.001;t=-8.035,P<0.001;)。结论地震灾后救援人员比受灾群众有较好的人格、应对方式和健康心理,地震对受灾群众造成的不良心理影响大于救援人员。
Objective To compare the difference in personality characters,coping style and psychosomatic health between the victims and rescue workers Following the 5·12 Earthquake.Methods A total of 436 victims and rescue workers were investigated by three questionnaires,including revised personality,coping style and psychosomatic health.Results In the personality test,except for illusion and altruism,independence,persistence,venture,self-disipline,composedness,sensitivity and patience,there were signiticant differences in the other factors(t=-3.126,P<0.01;t=-3.276,P<0.01;t=-2.755,P<0.01;t=-2.458,P<0.05;t=2.151,P<0.05;t=4.627,P<0.001).In coping style test,the scores of parry,illusion,self-accusation,and rationalization of the victims were significantly higher than those of the rescue workers(t=-6.726,P<0.001;t=-6.004,P<0.001;t=-4.462,P<0.001;t=-4.114,P<0.001).In psychosomatic health test,except for solitude,interest,self-efficacy and appetite,there were significant differences in the other factors(t=-2.353,P<0.05;t=-2.110,P<0.05;t=-3.276,P<0.05;t=-6.142,P<0.001;t=-11.032,P<0.001;t=-5.070,P<0.001;t=-8.950,P<0.001;t =-8.035,P<0.001;).Conclusion The rescue workers' personality,coping style and psychosomatic health are satisfactory.
Objective To compare the difference in personality characters,coping style and psychosomatic health between the victims and rescue workers Following the 5·12 Earthquake.Methods A total of 436 victims and rescue workers were investigated by three questionnaires,including revised personality,coping style and psychosomatic health.Results In the personality test,except for illusion and altruism,independence,persistence,venture,self-disipline,composedness,sensitivity and patience,there were signiticant differences in the other factors(t=-3.126,P<0.01;t=-3.276,P<0.01;t=-2.755,P<0.01;t=-2.458,P<0.05;t=2.151,P<0.05;t=4.627,P<0.001).In coping style test,the scores of parry,illusion,self-accusation,and rationalization of the victims were significantly higher than those of the rescue workers(t=-6.726,P<0.001;t=-6.004,P<0.001;t=-4.462,P<0.001;t=-4.114,P<0.001).In psychosomatic health test,except for solitude,interest,self-efficacy and appetite,there were significant differences in the other factors(t=-2.353,P<0.05;t=-2.110,P<0.05;t=-3.276,P<0.05;t=-6.142,P<0.001;t=-11.032,P<0.001;t=-5.070,P<0.001;t=-8.950,P<0.001;t =-8.035,P<0.001;).Conclusion The rescue workers' personality,coping style and psychosomatic health are satisfactory.
引文
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[17]沃建中,向燕辉,沈莉,等.5.12重震区成人受灾者不良情绪反应程度与人格、应对方式等因素关系研究[J].中国临床心理学,2009,17(2):227-229
[2]高民杰.河北唐山地震后孤儿的心理变异及其社会化治理[J].山西地震,2002,2:30-31
[3]Vymetal,Stepan.Central system of psychosocial support to the Czech victims affected by the tsunami in Southeast Asia[J].Pre-hosp Disaster Med,2006,21(1):27-31
[4]董惠娟,顾建华,邹其嘉,等.论重大突发事件的心理影响及本体应付—以印度洋地震海啸为例[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(4):88-91
[5]李磊琼,地震后儿童心理干预与转变过程探索[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007,15(6):526-528
[6]王学义,张本,马文有,等.唐山大地震对母孕期胎儿情绪障碍的远期研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(1):31-32
[7]Carol S,Robert J,Leming W.Acute Stress Disorder,Posttraumatic StressDisorder,and Depression in Disaster or Rescue Workers[J].American Psychiatric Association,2004,161:1370-1376
[8]Sperling J D,Levy P D,Garritano J,et al.Acute Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Episode Diagnoses among Emergency Depart-ment Staff Involved in the Response to the World Trade Center Tragedy[J].Academic Emergency Medicine,2003,10:548
[9]尹忠伟,谢怀江,杨成君,等.核与放射事件救援人员的心理效应与干预[J].中国辐射卫生,2008,17(2):196-198
[10]王学义,金圭星,王青翠,等.SARS流行期间不同人群心理状况调查分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2003,11(6):441-442
[11]Costa P T,Jr.&McCrae R R.The NEO Personality Inventory manual[M].Odessa,FL:Psychological Assessment Resources,1985
[12]肖计划,许秀峰,应对方式问卷效度与信度研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1996,10(4):164-168
[13]中国心理学会.九一二灾后心理恢复事务[M].行政院卫生署出版,2000
[14]董惠娟,李小军,杜满庆,等.地震灾害心理伤害的相关问题研究[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(1):153-158
[15]薛朝霞,梁执群,卢莉.大学生应对方式研究[J].护理研究,2005,19(8):1511-1513
[16]向燕辉,沃建中,邹高祥,等.地震中有无亲属遇难群体的人格、心身健康及应对方式特点比较[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(6):381-385
[17]沃建中,向燕辉,沈莉,等.5.12重震区成人受灾者不良情绪反应程度与人格、应对方式等因素关系研究[J].中国临床心理学,2009,17(2):227-229
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