汶川地震医学救援反思与区域性灾难医学救援体系建设
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摘要
目的通过全面系统地总结和反思汶川地震医学救援中四川省应急救援的经验和启示,分析并探讨区域性灾难医学救援体系建设。方法收集、整理、分析各类统计数据、信息、专报资料和相关评估报告,采用描述性方法进行分析。结果①汶川地震灾区医疗卫生机构受到重创;②迅速紧急响应,各级、各类医疗救援队伍集结灾区;③震后72 h内为救治最高峰;④各级医院救治91 177例伤病员,跨省大规模伤员转移救治,强化危重伤病员集中收治策略。结论建立区域性灾难医学紧急救援基地和应急医学救援常态化运行管理机制;完善信息指挥调度平台;科学合理的配置医疗资源;建立不同层次、不同类型的应急医疗队伍和响应机制;参与其他区域灾难医学专业紧急医学救援。
Objective To systematically summarize the experience and lessons of emergency medical rescue during the Wenchuan earthquake and to explore the establishment of regional disaster medical rescue system.Methods In this study,various statistical data,information,special reporting,and assessment reports of Wenchuan earthquake were collected and analyzed by descriptive method.Results(1) Health care institutions were hit hardly in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area.(2) Medical teams for emergency rescue rapidly assembled in the disaster area.(3) It was 72 hours after the earthquake that the emergency rescue reached its peak.(4) Totally 91 177 persons were treated in the hospitals.A large cohort of patients was transferred to other provinces for the treatment.The critically wounded were admitted together for the treatment.Conclusion The base for regional disaster medical emergency and ruotine emergency medical operation and management mechanism should be established.The information command and control platform should be improved.Medical resources should be scientifically and rationally allocated.Different types of emergency medical teams and response mechanisms should be established,which can provide professional emergency medical rescue in other areas.
Objective To systematically summarize the experience and lessons of emergency medical rescue during the Wenchuan earthquake and to explore the establishment of regional disaster medical rescue system.Methods In this study,various statistical data,information,special reporting,and assessment reports of Wenchuan earthquake were collected and analyzed by descriptive method.Results(1) Health care institutions were hit hardly in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area.(2) Medical teams for emergency rescue rapidly assembled in the disaster area.(3) It was 72 hours after the earthquake that the emergency rescue reached its peak.(4) Totally 91 177 persons were treated in the hospitals.A large cohort of patients was transferred to other provinces for the treatment.The critically wounded were admitted together for the treatment.Conclusion The base for regional disaster medical emergency and ruotine emergency medical operation and management mechanism should be established.The information command and control platform should be improved.Medical resources should be scientifically and rationally allocated.Different types of emergency medical teams and response mechanisms should be established,which can provide professional emergency medical rescue in other areas.
引文
1《四川卫生年鉴》编纂委员会.四川卫生年鉴[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2008.
2代小舟,沈骥,赵万华,等.汶川大地震四川省医疗救治阶段工作纪实[J].中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(10):797-802.
3胡卫建,赵万华,李无峰,等.汶川地震伤员的紧急医疗分级救治分析[J].实用医院临床杂志,2010,7(1):20-24.
4沈骥,苏林.汶川地震四川省卫生应急救援及反思[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学志,2009,4(4):197-200.
5沈骥,苏林,李冰,等.汶川地震四川省卫生应急救援成效分析[J].中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(3):301-306.
6胡卫建,李虹,李元峰,等.区域性灾难医学紧急救援体系建设的研究[J].实用医院临床杂志,2012,9(1):45-49.
7胡卫建,苏林.突发公共事件紧急医疗救援体系运行模式探讨[J].实用医院临床杂志,2006,3(3):14-15.
8胡卫建,李元峰.建立灾难医学区域性紧急救援医疗体系的构想[J].西部医学,2010,22(3):393-395.
9李远建,曹钰,勾承锐.构架灾害事故的紧急医疗救援体系[J].实用医院临床杂志,2006,3(3):16-17.
10余丽敏。沈向东,糜庆.120急救指挥系统在重大事故和突发事件的作用与地位[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2004,13(8): 523-524.
11徐少文,沈伟锋,马岳峰.特大地震灾害的医疗应急救援[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2008,17(6):567-569.
12 PELEG K,REUVENI H,STEIN M.Earthquake disasters-lessons to be learned[J].Isr Med Assoc J,2002,4(5):361-365.
13 SEVER M S,EREK E,VANHOLDER R,et al.Serum potassium in the crush syndrome victims of the Marmara disaster[J].Clin Nephrol,2003,59(5):326-333.
14梁华平,王正国.战伤分级救治体系对灾害医学救援的启示[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2008,3(1):34-36.
2代小舟,沈骥,赵万华,等.汶川大地震四川省医疗救治阶段工作纪实[J].中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(10):797-802.
3胡卫建,赵万华,李无峰,等.汶川地震伤员的紧急医疗分级救治分析[J].实用医院临床杂志,2010,7(1):20-24.
4沈骥,苏林.汶川地震四川省卫生应急救援及反思[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学志,2009,4(4):197-200.
5沈骥,苏林,李冰,等.汶川地震四川省卫生应急救援成效分析[J].中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(3):301-306.
6胡卫建,李虹,李元峰,等.区域性灾难医学紧急救援体系建设的研究[J].实用医院临床杂志,2012,9(1):45-49.
7胡卫建,苏林.突发公共事件紧急医疗救援体系运行模式探讨[J].实用医院临床杂志,2006,3(3):14-15.
8胡卫建,李元峰.建立灾难医学区域性紧急救援医疗体系的构想[J].西部医学,2010,22(3):393-395.
9李远建,曹钰,勾承锐.构架灾害事故的紧急医疗救援体系[J].实用医院临床杂志,2006,3(3):16-17.
10余丽敏。沈向东,糜庆.120急救指挥系统在重大事故和突发事件的作用与地位[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2004,13(8): 523-524.
11徐少文,沈伟锋,马岳峰.特大地震灾害的医疗应急救援[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2008,17(6):567-569.
12 PELEG K,REUVENI H,STEIN M.Earthquake disasters-lessons to be learned[J].Isr Med Assoc J,2002,4(5):361-365.
13 SEVER M S,EREK E,VANHOLDER R,et al.Serum potassium in the crush syndrome victims of the Marmara disaster[J].Clin Nephrol,2003,59(5):326-333.
14梁华平,王正国.战伤分级救治体系对灾害医学救援的启示[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2008,3(1):34-36.
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