利用地震资料预测和评价烃源岩
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摘要
对探井资料较少的地区开展烃源岩的准确预测和资源评价一直是石油地质学界的难题;而地震资料中蕴含的烃源岩的大量信息一直未被有效重视起来。尝试利用地震资料对泥质烃源岩开展预测和评价工作,并取得较好效果。首先,通过对地震资料作层序地层格架及体系域分析,识别出烃源岩发育段;其次,利用地震资料作地震速度岩性分析,从而可以实现烃源岩厚度的准确预测,烃源岩横向分布可以通过地震层序及体系域边界划分和地震反射特征分析进行确定;最后,通过目标层段的层速度计算出孔隙度,再由孔隙度的幂函数关系定量估算烃源岩的热演化程度,并实现生烃量的计算。因此,利用地震资料可以在少井探区甚至无井探区对烃源岩的宏观分布特征和品质进行预测与评价,从而减少在盆地早期勘探阶段和深部无井地区的勘探成本和钻探风险。
It is always hard to make a prediction in an area with less well.This paper will describe how to realize muddy source rock prediction and evaluation by using seismic data fully.Muddy source rock identification can be realized through wave reflection characteristics with seismic data.Source rock thickness prediction can be realized by seismic velocity-lithology analysis with seismic data,while source rock horizontal distribution can be determined by the border division and seismic reflection characteristics of seismic sequence and system tract.All of the source rock hydrocarbon calculation,maturity prediction and maturity evolution stage prediction could be studied with seismic data.In areas with few wells or even non-well,source rock distribution and quality could be predicted and evaluated by seismic data,thereby reducing the exploration costs in the early exploration stage and deep exploration greatly.Considering the influences of low seismic resolution,poor accuracy and etc.,this paper combined those with well logging information and geochemical analysis of coring samples,in order to determine the spatial distribution and quality of source rocks.
It is always hard to make a prediction in an area with less well.This paper will describe how to realize muddy source rock prediction and evaluation by using seismic data fully.Muddy source rock identification can be realized through wave reflection characteristics with seismic data.Source rock thickness prediction can be realized by seismic velocity-lithology analysis with seismic data,while source rock horizontal distribution can be determined by the border division and seismic reflection characteristics of seismic sequence and system tract.All of the source rock hydrocarbon calculation,maturity prediction and maturity evolution stage prediction could be studied with seismic data.In areas with few wells or even non-well,source rock distribution and quality could be predicted and evaluated by seismic data,thereby reducing the exploration costs in the early exploration stage and deep exploration greatly.Considering the influences of low seismic resolution,poor accuracy and etc.,this paper combined those with well logging information and geochemical analysis of coring samples,in order to determine the spatial distribution and quality of source rocks.
引文
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[22]Su Jin,Zhang Shuichang,Yang Haijun,et al.Combining seis-mic interpretation with basin modelinginthe study of petrole-um accumulation[J].Oil Geophysics Prospecting,2010,45(1):72-78.[苏劲,张水昌,杨海军,等.地震资料解释与盆地模拟在油气成藏研究中的联合运用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):72-78.]
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[27]Wang Yonggang.Methods for Seismic Data ComprehensiveInterpretation[M].Dongying:China University of PetroleumPress,2007.[王永刚.地震资料综合解释方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007.]
[28]Liu Zhen.Reservoir Seismic Stratigraphy[M].Beijing:Geo-logical Press,1997.[刘震.储层地震地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.]
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[2]Peters K E,Magoon L B,Bird KJ,et al.North Slope,Alaska:Source rock distribution,richness,thermal maturity,and pe-troleumcharge[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(2):261-292.
[3]Zhu Guangyou,Jin Qiang.Geochemical characteristics of twosets of excellent source rocksin Dongying depression[J].ActaSedi mentologica Sinica,2003,21(3):506-512.[朱光有,金强.东营凹陷两套优质烃源岩层地质地化特征研究[J].沉积学报,2003,21(3):506-512.]
[4]Zhu Guangyou,Jin Qiang,Zhang Shuichang,et al.Correlationbetween Contents of TOC and Strontium Distribution withinSource Rocks of Shahejie Formationin Dongying Sag,EasternChina[M].Liang Digang,Wang Darui,Li Zhenxi.PetroleumGeochemistry and Exploration in the Afro-Asian Region.Taylor&Francis Group,Balkema,2008:59-68.
[5]Zhu Guangyou,Jin Qiang,Zhang Shuichang,et al.Distribu-tion characteristics of effective source rocks and their controlson hydrocarbon accumulation:Acase study fromthe Dongy-ing sag,eastern China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(6):1275-1288.
[6]Zhu Guangyou,Jin Qiang.Heterogeneity study of sourserock:Acase study of Niu-38 well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(5):34-39.[朱光有,金强.烃源岩的非均质性研究———以东营凹陷牛38井为例[J].石油学报,2002,23(5):34-39.]
[7]Zhu Guangyou,Jin Qiang,Zhang Shuichang,et al.Formingmechanisms and heterogeneity of source rock[J].Journal ofMineralogy and Petrology,2003,23(4):95-100.[朱光有,金强,张水昌,等.烃源岩非均质性的控制因素研究[J].矿物岩石,2003,23(4):95-100.]
[8]Zhu Guangyou,Jin Qiang,Zhang Linye.Usingloginformationto analyze the geochemical characteristics of source rock inJiyang depression[J].Well Logging Technology,2003,27(2):104-109.[朱光有,金强,张林晔.利用测井信息获取烃源岩地球化学参数[J].测井技术,2003,27(2):104-109.]
[9]Zhu Guangyou,Jin Qiang.Using log information to analyzethe geochemical characteristics of source rock[J].Earth Sci-ence Frontiers,2003,10(2):494.[朱光有,金强.利用测井信息评价烃源岩的地球化学特征[J].地学前缘,2003,10(2):494.]
[10]Cao Qiang,Ye Jiaren.Prediction of source rock of northeastsagin north depressionin south Yellowsea basin[J].Geolog-ical Science and Technology Information,2008,27(4):75-79.[曹强,叶加仁.南黄海北部盆地东北凹陷烃源岩的早期预测[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(4):75-79.]
[11]Yu Jianguo,Han Wengong,Yu Zhengjun,et al.The seismicprediction method of Kongdian Formation source rock in Jiy-ang depression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(3):318-321,338.[于建国,韩文功,于正军,等.济阳拗陷孔店组烃源岩的地震预测方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):318-321,338.]
[12]Zhao Sheng.Seismic sequence analyses and hydrocarbon sourcerock earlyforecast of the south sagin Buridun depression[J].Small Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2007,12(3):36-40.[赵胜.布日敦南凹陷地震层序分析与烃源岩早期预测[J].小型油气藏,2007,12(3):36-40.]
[13]Cao Qiang,Ye Jiaren,Shi Wanzhong.Application of the meth-od of seismic attributionto prediction of source rockthicknessin newexploration areas of north depression in south Yellowsea basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2008,28(5):109-115.[曹强,叶加仁,石万忠.地震属性法在南黄海北部盆地勘探新区烃源岩厚度预测中的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(5):109-115.]
[14]Wu Aijun,Jin Qiang,Wang Li,et al.Prediction of source rockdistribution characteristics by seismic data:Takinglower sub-member of Sha No.3 Formation in Baxian sag as an example[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2010,29(4):23-28.[武爱俊,金强,王力,等.利用地震资料预测烃源岩分布特征———以霸县凹陷沙三下亚段为例[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(4):23-28.]
[15]Wang Zhihong,Luo Xia,Li Jingkun,et al.Effective sourcerock forecastingin deeplayers of northern Songliao basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(2):204-209.[王志宏,罗霞,李景坤,等.松辽盆地北部深层有效烃源岩分布预测[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(2):204-209.]
[16]Liu Zhen,Chang Mai,Zhao Yang,et al.Method of early pre-diction on source rocks in basins withlowexploration activity[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(4):159-167.[刘震,常迈,赵阳,等.低勘探程度盆地烃源岩早期预测方法研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(4):159-167.]
[17]Mi Lijun,Liu Zhen,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Early forecastand evaluation study on chief source rockin Baiyun depression[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2007,25(1):139-146.[米立军,刘震,张功成,等.南海北部深水区白云凹陷古近系烃源岩的早期预测[J].沉积学报,2007,25(1):139-146.]
[18]Zhu Guangyou,Jin Qiang,Zhou Jianlin.Study on the infillingpatterns of lacustrine basins in the Dongying depression[J].Petroleum Geology&Experi ment,2003,25(2):143-148.[朱光有,金强,周建林.渤海湾盆地东营断陷湖盆充填模式研究[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(2):143-148.]
[19]Zhu Guangyou,Jin Qiang,Zhou Jianlin,et al.Study of thecontrollingfunction of packing process for hydrocarbon sourcerocks[J].Geology Geochemistry,2003,31(2):73-79.[朱光有,金强,周建林,等.东营断陷湖盆充填过程对烃源岩控制作用研究[J].地质地球化学,2003,31(2):73-79.]
[20]Yan Jianping,Cai Jingong,Zhao Minghai,et al.Advances inthe study of source rock evaluation by geophysical logging andits significance in resource assessment[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2009,24(1):270-279.[闫建平,蔡进功,赵铭海,等.运用测井信息研究烃源岩进展极其资源评价意义[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):270-279.]
[21]He Jiaxiong,Chen Shenghong,Cui Shasha,et al.Early-stageprediction and evaluation of hydrocarbon source rocks in thedeep basin on the northern continental margin of the SouthChina Sea[J].Chinese Geology,2009,36(2):404-416.[何家雄,陈胜红,崔莎莎,等.南海北部大陆边缘深水盆地烃源岩早期预测与评价[J].中国地质,2009,36(2):404-416.]
[22]Su Jin,Zhang Shuichang,Yang Haijun,et al.Combining seis-mic interpretation with basin modelinginthe study of petrole-um accumulation[J].Oil Geophysics Prospecting,2010,45(1):72-78.[苏劲,张水昌,杨海军,等.地震资料解释与盆地模拟在油气成藏研究中的联合运用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):72-78.]
[23]Gao Ruiqi,Zhao Zhengzhang.Exploration of New Oil and Gasin China[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,2001.[高瑞祺,赵政璋.中国油气新区勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版,2001.]
[24]Erlich R N,Barrett S F,Guo Baiju.Seismic and geologic char-acteristics of drowning events on carbonate platforms[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74:1523-1537.
[25]Ma Yubo,Wu Shiguo,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Geophysicalcharacteristics of biohermal carbonate in the northern margindeep water area of South China Sea[J].Journal of China Uni-versity of Petroleum:Natural Science,2009,33(4):33-39.[马玉波,吴时国,张功成,等.南海北部陆缘深水区礁相碳酸盐岩的地球物理特征[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(4):33-39.]
[26]Zhang Han,Zhu Guangyou.Using seismic andloginformationto predict and evaluate hydrocarbon source rocks:An examplefromrich oil depressionsin Bohai Bay[J].PetroleumExplora-tion and Development,2007,34(1):55-59.[张寒,朱光有.利用地震和测井信息预测和评价烃源岩———以渤海湾盆地富油凹陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(1):55-59.]
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