地震对儿童的心理影响及干预措施
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摘要
地震对儿童心理的影响不仅表现在生理上,还表现在行为、情绪和认知上,所造成的短期和长期后果远远重于成人。不同年龄阶段的儿童心理反应会有不同,对应的心理干预方法也有所不同。对儿童的心理干预既要注重急性期的干预,又要重视长期的干预,以避免形成永久性创伤,影响孩子的一生。
As a momentous disaster,earthquake would bring severe psychological trauma to children,with an adverse effect not only on the physiological functions,but also on their behaviors,emotions,and cognition,and the short-term and long-term consequences are much greater in children than in adults.The children of different ages have different psychological reactions,so psychological intervention varies with children′s age.Psychological intervention is still important long afterwards to prevent permanent psychological trauma in children.
As a momentous disaster,earthquake would bring severe psychological trauma to children,with an adverse effect not only on the physiological functions,but also on their behaviors,emotions,and cognition,and the short-term and long-term consequences are much greater in children than in adults.The children of different ages have different psychological reactions,so psychological intervention varies with children′s age.Psychological intervention is still important long afterwards to prevent permanent psychological trauma in children.
引文
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[5]Kataoka S,Langley AK,Wong M,Baweja S,Stein BD.Respon-ding to students with posttraumatic stress disorder in schools[J].Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am,2012,21(1):119-133.
[6]Miller L.Psychological interventions for terroristic trauma:preven-tion,crisis management,and clinical treatment strategies[J].IntJ Emerg Ment Health,2011,13(2):95-120.
[7]Tomlinson PS,Peden-McAlpine C,Sherman S.A family systemsnursing intervention model for paediatric health crisis[J].J AdvNurs,2012,68(3):705-714.
[8]Hamm MP,Osmond M,Curran J,Scott S,Ali S,Hartling L,etal.A systematic review of crisis interventions used in the emergen-cy department:recommendations for pediatric care and research[J].Pediatr Emerg Care,2010:952-962.
[9]Claire Golomb(主编);李苏(译).儿童绘画心理学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2008:139-299;342-366.
[10]高峻岭.游戏治疗儿童心理障碍[J].中华儿科杂志,2002,53(5):18-20.
[11]Girault Y.Therapeutic activities for adolescents in crisis[J].Soins Psychiatr,2012,278:41-43.
[12]Makley AT,Falcone RA Jr.Posttraumatic stress disorder in thepediatric trauma patient[J].Semin Pediatr Surg,2010,19(4):292-299.
[2]陈晓华.灾后儿童心理创伤及危机干预[J].社会心理科学,2008,23(100):571-576.
[3]卢建平.汶川地震灾后的儿童心理危机干预问题及建议[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2008,34(9):521-522.
[4]郑毅.汶川地震对儿童的心理影响及救助措施[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2008,34(9):519-521.
[5]Kataoka S,Langley AK,Wong M,Baweja S,Stein BD.Respon-ding to students with posttraumatic stress disorder in schools[J].Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am,2012,21(1):119-133.
[6]Miller L.Psychological interventions for terroristic trauma:preven-tion,crisis management,and clinical treatment strategies[J].IntJ Emerg Ment Health,2011,13(2):95-120.
[7]Tomlinson PS,Peden-McAlpine C,Sherman S.A family systemsnursing intervention model for paediatric health crisis[J].J AdvNurs,2012,68(3):705-714.
[8]Hamm MP,Osmond M,Curran J,Scott S,Ali S,Hartling L,etal.A systematic review of crisis interventions used in the emergen-cy department:recommendations for pediatric care and research[J].Pediatr Emerg Care,2010:952-962.
[9]Claire Golomb(主编);李苏(译).儿童绘画心理学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2008:139-299;342-366.
[10]高峻岭.游戏治疗儿童心理障碍[J].中华儿科杂志,2002,53(5):18-20.
[11]Girault Y.Therapeutic activities for adolescents in crisis[J].Soins Psychiatr,2012,278:41-43.
[12]Makley AT,Falcone RA Jr.Posttraumatic stress disorder in thepediatric trauma patient[J].Semin Pediatr Surg,2010,19(4):292-299.
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