芦山地震后2周卫生防疫绩效评估
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摘要
目的分析芦山地震后2周卫生防疫绩效,评估灾区卫生防疫现状与需求,为后续卫生防疫工作提供参考依据。方法以地震当日为震后1天,收集四川省人民政府、国家卫生计生委、四川省卫生厅、四川省疾控中心震后卫生防疫工作有关信息,从灾情、灾区公共卫生背景、应急响应与资源调配、灾后公共卫生状况与需求等方面与汶川地震进行比较分析,评价震后2周卫生防疫应急响应绩效,明确目前现状与需求,提出下一步工作建议。结果芦山地震发生后四川省卫生防疫部门立即做出反应,紧急调度队伍进行对口支援,并对人员数量和专业结构作出要求。在震后1小时,第一支卫生防疫应急队即赶赴灾区,并当日完成灾后公共卫生现状和需求快速评估。震后3天,实现灾区地域和工作内容全覆盖。震后2周,灾区环境、饮水、食品安全卫生、传染病监测与防控等工作取得阶段性成果,灾区无传染病暴发疫情和突发公共卫生事件发生。结论芦山地震后,四川卫生防疫继承和发展了汶川经验,应急响应及时、有序、科学、适度,震后2周已完成卫生防疫政策、技术、资源等的部署,卫生防疫工作取得初步成效。建议下一步工作重点为落实各项政策、策略和措施,继续做好安置点卫生管理、饮水和食品卫生安全、传染病以及重大疾病的监测与防控、群体性预防接种、科学消杀和健康宣教工作,完善长效机制,稳定工作绩效。
Objective To assess the public health impacts and needs,to evaluate performance of anti-epidemic efforts after Lushan earthquake,so as to provide references for the following anti-epidemic work.Methods The day of earthquake occurrence was defined as the first day after earthquake.We collected information and data from the Sichuan Provincial Government,the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China,the Health Department of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and then we compared the situations of disaster,public health situation in stricken area,emergency response,resource deployment,etc.with those after Wenchuan earthquake in 2008,in order to evaluate the performance of anti-epidemic response during 2 weeks,clarify current situations and demands,and offer a proposal for the following work.Results Emergency response was conducted immediately after the Lushan earthquake.The counterpart assistance was considered at the beginning of team arrangement.The number and professional structure of rescue participants were planned according to needs.Three days after earthquake,anti-epidemic staff arrived at every involved county,town,and even village,which achieved full rescue coverage of locations and interventions.The staff helped reconstruct disease surveillance system,protect source of drinking water and environmental hygiene,etc.,which resulted in progressive achievement.Two weeks after the earthquake there were no outbreak and public health emergency event occurred in stricken area.Conclusion The anti-epidemic efforts after Lushan earthquake inherit and develop the lessons from Wenchuan earthquake in 2008.Emergency response is timely,orderly,scientific,and moderate.The deployment of policies,technologies and resources has already been completed during two weeks.Anti-epidemic efforts achieve preliminary results.We suggest that key issues of further work should be the implementation of policies,strategies and measures,such as health management at relocation sites,water and food hygiene,disease monitoring,prevention and control,mass vaccination,scientific disinfection,and health education,in order to improve long-efficacy mechanism and stabilize work performance.
Objective To assess the public health impacts and needs,to evaluate performance of anti-epidemic efforts after Lushan earthquake,so as to provide references for the following anti-epidemic work.Methods The day of earthquake occurrence was defined as the first day after earthquake.We collected information and data from the Sichuan Provincial Government,the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China,the Health Department of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and then we compared the situations of disaster,public health situation in stricken area,emergency response,resource deployment,etc.with those after Wenchuan earthquake in 2008,in order to evaluate the performance of anti-epidemic response during 2 weeks,clarify current situations and demands,and offer a proposal for the following work.Results Emergency response was conducted immediately after the Lushan earthquake.The counterpart assistance was considered at the beginning of team arrangement.The number and professional structure of rescue participants were planned according to needs.Three days after earthquake,anti-epidemic staff arrived at every involved county,town,and even village,which achieved full rescue coverage of locations and interventions.The staff helped reconstruct disease surveillance system,protect source of drinking water and environmental hygiene,etc.,which resulted in progressive achievement.Two weeks after the earthquake there were no outbreak and public health emergency event occurred in stricken area.Conclusion The anti-epidemic efforts after Lushan earthquake inherit and develop the lessons from Wenchuan earthquake in 2008.Emergency response is timely,orderly,scientific,and moderate.The deployment of policies,technologies and resources has already been completed during two weeks.Anti-epidemic efforts achieve preliminary results.We suggest that key issues of further work should be the implementation of policies,strategies and measures,such as health management at relocation sites,water and food hygiene,disease monitoring,prevention and control,mass vaccination,scientific disinfection,and health education,in order to improve long-efficacy mechanism and stabilize work performance.
引文
1国务院新闻办公室. 芦山地震灾情及抗震救灾情况新闻发布会. [2013-04-25]. Available from: http://www.scio.gov.cn/xwfbh/xwbfbh/wqfbh/2013/0425p/index.htm
2姜洁, 李幼平, 邓绍林, 等. 玉树汶川震后3月医学救援比较研究. 中国循证医学杂志, 2010, 10(7): 784-790.
3Organization WH. Mental health assistance to the population affected by the tsunami in Asia. Geneva: WHO (2006-01-08). [2009-01-21]. Available from: http://www.who.int/Mental_health/resources/tsunami/en.
4Chen KT, Chen WJ, Malilay J, et al. The public health response to the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, 1999. Public Health Reports, 2003, 118(6): 493-499.
5Schuster MA, Stein BD, Jaycox L, et al. A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. N Engl J Med, 2001, 345(20): 1507-1512.
6四川省疾病预防控制中心. “4·20”芦山地震灾区灾后卫生防疫风险评估报告（2013-4-21）. 内部资料.
7陈根, 南克祎, 赵宗国, 等. “5·12”地震对甘肃灾区人群常见卫生习惯、腹泻和儿童肠道蠕虫感染的影响.中国病原学杂志, 2010, 5(11): 后插4, 封3页。
8马家奇, 周脉耕, 李言飞, 等. 汶川地震灾区应急手机疫情报告系统的研发与应用. 中国循证医学杂志 2009, 9(6): 614-619.
9吴先萍, 方刚, 唐雪峰, 等. 汶川地震灾后四川省的卫生防病工作(5.12-8.12). 中国循证医学杂志, 2008, 8(10): 803-809.
10沈骥, 唐雪峰. 汶川地震灾后的卫生防病策略. 中华预防医学杂志, 2009, 43(5): 365-367.
11姜洁, 李幼平, 王觅也, 等. 玉树与汶川地震医学救援比较研究. 中国循证医学杂志, 2010, 10(5): 550-554.
12Deng SL, Zheng SW, Shi YK. Applying lessons from China’s Wenchuan earthquake to medical rescue following the Yushu earthquake. J Evid-based Med, 2010, 3(2): 62-64.
2姜洁, 李幼平, 邓绍林, 等. 玉树汶川震后3月医学救援比较研究. 中国循证医学杂志, 2010, 10(7): 784-790.
3Organization WH. Mental health assistance to the population affected by the tsunami in Asia. Geneva: WHO (2006-01-08). [2009-01-21]. Available from: http://www.who.int/Mental_health/resources/tsunami/en.
4Chen KT, Chen WJ, Malilay J, et al. The public health response to the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, 1999. Public Health Reports, 2003, 118(6): 493-499.
5Schuster MA, Stein BD, Jaycox L, et al. A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. N Engl J Med, 2001, 345(20): 1507-1512.
6四川省疾病预防控制中心. “4·20”芦山地震灾区灾后卫生防疫风险评估报告（2013-4-21）. 内部资料.
7陈根, 南克祎, 赵宗国, 等. “5·12”地震对甘肃灾区人群常见卫生习惯、腹泻和儿童肠道蠕虫感染的影响.中国病原学杂志, 2010, 5(11): 后插4, 封3页。
8马家奇, 周脉耕, 李言飞, 等. 汶川地震灾区应急手机疫情报告系统的研发与应用. 中国循证医学杂志 2009, 9(6): 614-619.
9吴先萍, 方刚, 唐雪峰, 等. 汶川地震灾后四川省的卫生防病工作(5.12-8.12). 中国循证医学杂志, 2008, 8(10): 803-809.
10沈骥, 唐雪峰. 汶川地震灾后的卫生防病策略. 中华预防医学杂志, 2009, 43(5): 365-367.
11姜洁, 李幼平, 王觅也, 等. 玉树与汶川地震医学救援比较研究. 中国循证医学杂志, 2010, 10(5): 550-554.
12Deng SL, Zheng SW, Shi YK. Applying lessons from China’s Wenchuan earthquake to medical rescue following the Yushu earthquake. J Evid-based Med, 2010, 3(2): 62-64.
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