川西上三叠统生物礁群分布特征及控制因素
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摘要
川西上三叠统马鞍塘组的硅质海绵生物礁沿龙门山带出露,前人已对其岩性、化石、分布及控制因素作了一定研究。将出露礁体的分布及岩性特征与欧洲硅质海绵礁对比,进一步结合全球海绵—珊瑚礁的演化特征和川西地震剖面中似礁的丘形隆起现象,认为川西地区在晚三叠世早期发育硅质海绵—珊瑚礁系列,其中硅质海绵礁发育在较深水环境,现今部分被后期龙门山冲断带推覆至地表;含珊瑚的礁体发育在相对浅水、高能环境,现今位于川西凹陷中;硅质海绵礁的展布范围受北面秦岭古陆的碎屑物注入影响,沿龙门山方向向北逐渐变小;高能礁体发育在川西拗陷至川中古隆起的过渡带上,远离北面物源。对于揭示川西地区海相碳酸盐岩到碎屑岩的转变过程及马鞍塘组的油气勘探具有重要意义。
Siliceous sponge reefs have been revealed in the upper Triassic Ma’antang Formation in western Sichuan. The lithology,fossils,distribution and controlling factors of those reefs have been researched,but can be studied in a deep-going way. Comparing those reefs and the upper Jurassic siliceous reefs in Europe,it is considered that a series of sponge and coral may exist in the western Sichuan,according to the evolution of the global siliceous reefs and the colliculus uplift in the seismic profiles. The siliceous reefs developed in the relatively deep water and the low energy environment,which had been exposed by late tectonic movements. While the predicted reefs may develop in the shallow water and relatively high energy environment,which have been deeply buried in the depression of the western Sichuan Basin. And the distribution of the siliceous reefs is obviously influenced by the Qinlin Old land, whose size turned smaller northwardly. This is of significant for understanding the transfer process frome the marine carbonate to the marine clastic rock and the oil exploration direction in the Ma’antang Formation.
Siliceous sponge reefs have been revealed in the upper Triassic Ma’antang Formation in western Sichuan. The lithology,fossils,distribution and controlling factors of those reefs have been researched,but can be studied in a deep-going way. Comparing those reefs and the upper Jurassic siliceous reefs in Europe,it is considered that a series of sponge and coral may exist in the western Sichuan,according to the evolution of the global siliceous reefs and the colliculus uplift in the seismic profiles. The siliceous reefs developed in the relatively deep water and the low energy environment,which had been exposed by late tectonic movements. While the predicted reefs may develop in the shallow water and relatively high energy environment,which have been deeply buried in the depression of the western Sichuan Basin. And the distribution of the siliceous reefs is obviously influenced by the Qinlin Old land, whose size turned smaller northwardly. This is of significant for understanding the transfer process frome the marine carbonate to the marine clastic rock and the oil exploration direction in the Ma’antang Formation.
引文
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[25]王胜,潘声达,黎邦荣,等.四川盆地西部(上三叠统)油气地质条件与找气(油)方向[R].成都:地质矿产部西南石油地质局,1986.
[26]杨荣军.四川盆地西部上三叠统生物礁及其油气地质条件研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[27]李智武,刘树根,林杰,等.川西坳陷构造格局及其成因机制[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(6):645–653.
[28]Rigby J K,Senowbari-daryan B.First hexactinellidsponge reported from the Upper Triassic nayband for-mation of central Iran[J].Paleontological Notes,2007,81(6):1538–1542.
[29]刘树根,杨荣军,吴熙纯,等.四川盆地西部晚三叠世海相碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩的转换过程[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(5):556–565.
[30]杨荣军,刘树根,吴熙纯.川西马鞍塘组礁滩特征和含油气性初探[J].地质找矿论丛,2009,24(1):73–76.
[2]吴熙纯,张亮鉴.四川盆地西北部晚三叠世卡尼期的海绵斑块礁[J].地质科学,1982(4):379–385.
[3]吴熙纯,张亮鉴.川西北晚三叠世海绵点礁的岩石学特征[J].矿物岩石,1983(4):59–67.
[4]吴熙纯.川西北晚三叠世海绵点礁的古生态特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1984(1):43–54.
[5]吴熙纯,贝丰,张亮鉴.川西北上三叠统海绵点礁群的含油性评价[J].石油实验地质,1985,7(2):98–106.
[6]Wu X.Carnian(Upper Triassic)sponge mounds of theNorthwestern Sichuan Basin,China:Stratigraphy,faciesand paleoecology[J].Facies,1989,21:171–188.
[7]Wendt J,Wu X,Reinhardt J W.Deep-water hex-actinellid sponge mounds from the upper Triassic ofNorthern Sichuan(China)[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeo-climatology,Palaeoecology,1989,76:17–29.
[8]吴熙纯.四川盆地西部晚三叠世卡尼期地层及海绵化石—新科[J].古生物学报,1989,28(6):766–771.
[9]吴熙纯,肖荣吾.四川西北部晚三叠世海绵动物群的发现[J].昆明工学院学报,1989,14(1):12–21.
[10]吴熙纯.川西北晚三叠世的灯海绵动物群[J].古生物学报,1990,29(3):349–363.
[11]刘大成,刘应楷.江油佛爷洞首次发现晚三叠世海绵礁[J].天然气工业,1993,19(6):92.
[12]邓康龄,何鲤,秦大有,等.四川盆地西部晚三叠世早期地层及其沉积环境[J].石油与天然气地质,1982,3(3):204–210.
[13]四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[14]杨荣军,刘树根,吴熙纯,等.川西上三叠统海绵生物礁的分布及其控制因素[J].地球学报,2009,30(2):227–234.
[15]Finks R M.Late Paleozoic sponge faunas of the Texas re-gion[J].American Museum of Natural History Bulletin.1960,120:1–160.
[16]Brunton F R,Dixon O A.Siliceous sponge-microbe biot-ic associations and their recurrence through the phanero-zoic as reef mound constructors[J].Palaios,1994,9:370–387.
[17]Leinfelder R R.Jurassic Reef Ecosystems[M]//StanleyG D.The history and sedimentology of ancient reef sys-tems.USA,Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher,2001.
[18]Flügel E.Triassic reef patterns[M]//Kiessling W,FlugelE,Golonka J.Phanerozoic reef patterns.SEPM SpecialPublication No.72,2002.
[19]Leinfelder R R,Schmid D U,Nose M,et al.Juras-sic reef—The expression of a changing globe[M]//Kiess-ling W,Flugel E,Golonka J.Phanerozoic reef patterns.SEPM Special Publication No.72,2002.
[20]吴熙纯.川西北晚三叠世卡尼期硅质海绵礁—鲕滩组合的沉积相分析[J].古地理学报,2009,11(2):125–142.
[21]KrautterM,ConwayKW,BarrieJV.Recenthexactinosi-dan sponge reefs(silicate mounds)off British Columbia,Canada:frame-building process[J].Journal of Paleontol-ogy,2006,80(1):38–48.
[22]Schmid D U,Leinfelder R R,Nose M.Growth dynam-ics and ecology of Upper Jurassic mounds,with compar-isons to Mid-Palaeozoic mounds[J].Sedimentary Geolo-gy,2001,145:343–376.
[23]Olivier N,Pittet B,Gaillard C,et al.High-frequencypalaeoenvironmental fluctuations recorded in Jurassiccoral-and sponge-microbialite bioconstructions[J].Com-ptes Rendus Palevol 6,2007:21–36.
[24]杨荣军,刘树根,吴熙纯,等.龙门山前缘上三叠统马鞍塘组沉积分布特征及其控制因素[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(4):455–462.
[25]王胜,潘声达,黎邦荣,等.四川盆地西部(上三叠统)油气地质条件与找气(油)方向[R].成都:地质矿产部西南石油地质局,1986.
[26]杨荣军.四川盆地西部上三叠统生物礁及其油气地质条件研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[27]李智武,刘树根,林杰,等.川西坳陷构造格局及其成因机制[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(6):645–653.
[28]Rigby J K,Senowbari-daryan B.First hexactinellidsponge reported from the Upper Triassic nayband for-mation of central Iran[J].Paleontological Notes,2007,81(6):1538–1542.
[29]刘树根,杨荣军,吴熙纯,等.四川盆地西部晚三叠世海相碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩的转换过程[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(5):556–565.
[30]杨荣军,刘树根,吴熙纯.川西马鞍塘组礁滩特征和含油气性初探[J].地质找矿论丛,2009,24(1):73–76.
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