大熊猫栖息地地震干扰后恢复群落的中性理论验证
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摘要
为了验证中性理论在干扰后恢复群落中的适用性,本文利用不同地震干扰强度下大熊猫栖息地恢复群落的野外调查数据进行了中性理论的验证。预测发现,在干扰较重及未受干扰的原始林群落中,中性理论模型能够较好地预测物种多度分布,但在干扰相对较轻的恢复群落中中性理论模型预测物种多度分布效果较差。原因分析表明,生境的均一性程度是影响中性理论模型预测物种多度分布效果的重要影响因子。因此可认为,中性理论不适用于生境均一性差的群落。
To validate the applicability of neutral theory in studying the restored plant communities after disturbances, a validation was made on this theory, based on the investigation data of the richness-abundance of restored plant communities in giant panda habitats after the disturbances of different intensity earthquakes. It was observed that neutral theory model could be better predict the species-abundance distribution pattern in the primary forest communities rather severely or not disturbed, but had little effect in predicting this distribution pattern in the primary forest communities under medium disturbances. The homogeneity degree of habitats could be one of the important factors affecting the fitness of the neutral theory model, and thus, neutral theory was considered not fitting the plant communities in poorly homogeneous habitats.
To validate the applicability of neutral theory in studying the restored plant communities after disturbances, a validation was made on this theory, based on the investigation data of the richness-abundance of restored plant communities in giant panda habitats after the disturbances of different intensity earthquakes. It was observed that neutral theory model could be better predict the species-abundance distribution pattern in the primary forest communities rather severely or not disturbed, but had little effect in predicting this distribution pattern in the primary forest communities under medium disturbances. The homogeneity degree of habitats could be one of the important factors affecting the fitness of the neutral theory model, and thus, neutral theory was considered not fitting the plant communities in poorly homogeneous habitats.
引文
巩文,任继文,赵长青,等.2005.甘肃省大熊猫栖息地生境分析.林业科学,41(5):86-90.
林莹华,顾海军,隆廷伦,等.2005.森林采伐对平武大熊猫栖息地的影响.林业科学,41(1):109-115.
刘巍,曹伟.2011.长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征.生态学杂志,30(8):1766-1774.
毛志宏,朱教君.2006.干扰对植物群落物种组成及多样性的影响.生态学报,26(8):2695-2701.
Adler PB.2004.Neutral models fail to reproduce observed spe-cies-area and species-time relationships in Kansas grass-lands.Ecology,85:1265-1272.
Bell G.2001.Neutral macroecology.Science,293:2413-2418.
Chave J,Muller-Landau HC,Levin SA.2002.Comparing clas-sical community models:Theoretical consequences for pat-terns of diversity.The American Naturalist,195:1-23.
Chave J.2004.Neutral theory and community ecology.EcologyLetters,7:241-253.
Clark JS,McLachlan JS.2003.Stability of forest biodiversity.Nature,423:635-638.
Etienne RS,Apol MEF,Olff H,et al.2007.Modes of specia-tion and the neutral theory of biodiversity.Oikos,116:241-258.
Etienne RS.2005.A new sampling formula for neutral biodiver-sity.Ecology Letters,8:253-260.
Etienne RS.2007.A neutral sampling formula for multiple sam-ples and an“exact”test of neutrality.Ecology Letters,10:608-618.
Foster DR,Knight DH,Franklin JF.1998.Landscape patternsand legacies resulting from large infrequent forest disturb-ances.Ecosystems,1:497-510.
Harpole WS,Tilman D.2006.Non-neutral patterns of speciesabundance in grassland communities.Ecology Letters,9:15-23.
He FL,Gaston KJ,Connor EF,et al.2005.The local-regionalrelationship:Immigration,extinction,and scale.EcologyLetters,86:360-365.
He FL,Hu XS.2005.Hubbell’s fundamental biodiversity pa-rameter and the Simpson diversity index.Ecology Letters,8:386-390.
Hubbell SP.2001.The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversityand Biogeography.Princeton,NJ:Princeton UniversityPress.
Hubbell SP.2006.Netural theory and the evolution of ecologi-cal equivalence.Ecology,87:1387-1398.
Leibold MA,McPeek MA.2006.Coexistence of the niche andneutral perspectives in community ecology.Ecology,87:1399-1410.
Levin SA,Paine RT.1974.Disturbance,patch formation,andcommunity structure.Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences of the United States of America,71:2744-2747.
McGill BJ,Maurer BA,Weiser MD.2006.Empirical evalua-tion of neutral theory.Ecology,87:1411-1423.
McGill BJ.2003.A test of the unified neutral theory of biodi-versity.Nature,422:881-885.
Nee S.2005.The neutral theory of biodiversity:Do the num-bers add up?Functional Ecology,19:173-176.
Olszewski TD,Erwin DH.2004.Dynamic response of Permianbrachiopod communities to long-term environmentalchange.Nature,428:738-741.
Reich PB,Buschena C,Tjoelker MG,et al.2003.Variation ingrowth rate and ecophysiology among34grassland and sa-vanna species under contrasting N supply:A test of func-tional group differences.New Phytologist,157:617-631.
Ricklefs RE.2003.A comment on Hubbell’s zero-sum ecologi-cal drift model.Oikos,100:185-192.
Tilman D.2004.Niche tradeoffs,neutrality,and communitystructure:A stochastic theory of resource competition,in-vasion,and community assembly.Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences of the United States of Ameri-ca,101:10854-10861.
Turner MG,Barker WL,Peterson CJ,et al.1998.Factors in-fluencing succession:Lessons from large,infrequent natu-ral disturbances.Ecosystems,1:511-523.
Turner MG,Dale VH.1998.Comparing large,infrequent dis-turbances:What have we learned?Ecosystems,1:493-496.
Volkov I,Banavar JR,Hubbell SP,et al.2003.Neutral theoryand relative species abundance in ecology.Nature,424:1035-1037.
Walker SC,Cyr H.2007.Testing the standard neutral model ofbiodiversity in lake communities.Oikos,116:143-155.
Wootton JT.2005.Field parameterization and experimental testof the neutral theory of biodiversity.Nature,433:309-312.
Zhang DY,Lin K.1997.The effects of competitive asymmetryon the rate of competitive displacement:How robust isHubbell’s community drift model?Journal of TheoreticalBiology,188:361-367.
林莹华,顾海军,隆廷伦,等.2005.森林采伐对平武大熊猫栖息地的影响.林业科学,41(1):109-115.
刘巍,曹伟.2011.长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征.生态学杂志,30(8):1766-1774.
毛志宏,朱教君.2006.干扰对植物群落物种组成及多样性的影响.生态学报,26(8):2695-2701.
Adler PB.2004.Neutral models fail to reproduce observed spe-cies-area and species-time relationships in Kansas grass-lands.Ecology,85:1265-1272.
Bell G.2001.Neutral macroecology.Science,293:2413-2418.
Chave J,Muller-Landau HC,Levin SA.2002.Comparing clas-sical community models:Theoretical consequences for pat-terns of diversity.The American Naturalist,195:1-23.
Chave J.2004.Neutral theory and community ecology.EcologyLetters,7:241-253.
Clark JS,McLachlan JS.2003.Stability of forest biodiversity.Nature,423:635-638.
Etienne RS,Apol MEF,Olff H,et al.2007.Modes of specia-tion and the neutral theory of biodiversity.Oikos,116:241-258.
Etienne RS.2005.A new sampling formula for neutral biodiver-sity.Ecology Letters,8:253-260.
Etienne RS.2007.A neutral sampling formula for multiple sam-ples and an“exact”test of neutrality.Ecology Letters,10:608-618.
Foster DR,Knight DH,Franklin JF.1998.Landscape patternsand legacies resulting from large infrequent forest disturb-ances.Ecosystems,1:497-510.
Harpole WS,Tilman D.2006.Non-neutral patterns of speciesabundance in grassland communities.Ecology Letters,9:15-23.
He FL,Gaston KJ,Connor EF,et al.2005.The local-regionalrelationship:Immigration,extinction,and scale.EcologyLetters,86:360-365.
He FL,Hu XS.2005.Hubbell’s fundamental biodiversity pa-rameter and the Simpson diversity index.Ecology Letters,8:386-390.
Hubbell SP.2001.The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversityand Biogeography.Princeton,NJ:Princeton UniversityPress.
Hubbell SP.2006.Netural theory and the evolution of ecologi-cal equivalence.Ecology,87:1387-1398.
Leibold MA,McPeek MA.2006.Coexistence of the niche andneutral perspectives in community ecology.Ecology,87:1399-1410.
Levin SA,Paine RT.1974.Disturbance,patch formation,andcommunity structure.Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences of the United States of America,71:2744-2747.
McGill BJ,Maurer BA,Weiser MD.2006.Empirical evalua-tion of neutral theory.Ecology,87:1411-1423.
McGill BJ.2003.A test of the unified neutral theory of biodi-versity.Nature,422:881-885.
Nee S.2005.The neutral theory of biodiversity:Do the num-bers add up?Functional Ecology,19:173-176.
Olszewski TD,Erwin DH.2004.Dynamic response of Permianbrachiopod communities to long-term environmentalchange.Nature,428:738-741.
Reich PB,Buschena C,Tjoelker MG,et al.2003.Variation ingrowth rate and ecophysiology among34grassland and sa-vanna species under contrasting N supply:A test of func-tional group differences.New Phytologist,157:617-631.
Ricklefs RE.2003.A comment on Hubbell’s zero-sum ecologi-cal drift model.Oikos,100:185-192.
Tilman D.2004.Niche tradeoffs,neutrality,and communitystructure:A stochastic theory of resource competition,in-vasion,and community assembly.Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences of the United States of Ameri-ca,101:10854-10861.
Turner MG,Barker WL,Peterson CJ,et al.1998.Factors in-fluencing succession:Lessons from large,infrequent natu-ral disturbances.Ecosystems,1:511-523.
Turner MG,Dale VH.1998.Comparing large,infrequent dis-turbances:What have we learned?Ecosystems,1:493-496.
Volkov I,Banavar JR,Hubbell SP,et al.2003.Neutral theoryand relative species abundance in ecology.Nature,424:1035-1037.
Walker SC,Cyr H.2007.Testing the standard neutral model ofbiodiversity in lake communities.Oikos,116:143-155.
Wootton JT.2005.Field parameterization and experimental testof the neutral theory of biodiversity.Nature,433:309-312.
Zhang DY,Lin K.1997.The effects of competitive asymmetryon the rate of competitive displacement:How robust isHubbell’s community drift model?Journal of TheoreticalBiology,188:361-367.
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