地震后映秀居民区小兽群落结构及动态变化
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摘要
从2009年7月到2011年4月(春)每季度分别对映秀镇居民区采用夹夜法进行小兽调查,研究小兽组成、相对密度、物种多样性指数、均匀性指数等变量,分析震后小兽群落结构与时间动态。结果表明,居民区小兽相对密度为3.34%,主要包括2目2科4属7种,黄胸鼠(Rattusf lavipectus)和四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)为优势种;从2009年7月到2011年4月居民区多样性指数降低,优势度指数升高,均匀性指数降低;小兽相对密度下降,峰值分别出现在2009年夏(17.14%)和2010年秋(5.00%)。地震后2a间映秀居民区小兽相对密度逐渐降低,未形成稳定群落结构,需要长时间监测。
This study was conducted to investigate the community structure and the density of small mammals in Wenchuan County,Sichuan Province every quarter of a year from Jul.2009 to Apr.2011 in order to study the composition of small mammals,relative density,index of species diversity,index of evenness,rodents and disease,and to analyze the community structure density and temporal dynamics after the earthquake in Yingxiu Town.The result showed that the relative density of small mammals in residential region rate was 3.34%,including 2 orders 2 families 4 genera 7 species.Rattus flavipectus and A.squamipes were the dominant species;the density index of small mammals was declining every quater of a year from Jul.2009 to Apr.2011 in residential region in Yingxiu Town,the diversity index and evenness index were declining,dominance index was increased.The results showed the density of small mammals after the earthquake was declining,but the community structure was unstable,it was necessary to monitor the small mammals in Yingxiu area for long future time.
This study was conducted to investigate the community structure and the density of small mammals in Wenchuan County,Sichuan Province every quarter of a year from Jul.2009 to Apr.2011 in order to study the composition of small mammals,relative density,index of species diversity,index of evenness,rodents and disease,and to analyze the community structure density and temporal dynamics after the earthquake in Yingxiu Town.The result showed that the relative density of small mammals in residential region rate was 3.34%,including 2 orders 2 families 4 genera 7 species.Rattus flavipectus and A.squamipes were the dominant species;the density index of small mammals was declining every quater of a year from Jul.2009 to Apr.2011 in residential region in Yingxiu Town,the diversity index and evenness index were declining,dominance index was increased.The results showed the density of small mammals after the earthquake was declining,but the community structure was unstable,it was necessary to monitor the small mammals in Yingxiu area for long future time.
引文
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[2]Harry F Recher,Daniel Lunney,Alison Matthews.Small mammal populations in a eucalypt forest affect-ed by fire and drought.I.Long-term patterns in an eraof climate change[J].Wildlife Research,2009,36(2):143-158.
[3]Renata Pardinia,Sergio Marques de Souza,RicardoBraga-Neto,et al.The role of forest structure,frag-ment size and corridors in maintaining small mammalabundance and diversity in an Atlantic forest land-scape[J].Biological Conservation,2005,124(2):253-266.
[4]张美文,李波,王勇,等.四川地震灾灾后一年农村小兽监测报告[J].生态学报,2010,30(19):5253-5263.
[5]李希近.1988-1998年滇西西南地区鼠疫与地震关系浅谈[J].中国地方病防疫杂志,2001,16(2):61-68.
[6]Vozquez L B,R A Medellin,G N Cameron.Populationand community ecology of small rodents in montaneforest of western Mexico[J].Journal of Mammalogy,2000,81:77-85.
[7]Beck H,Michael S G,James E H,et al.Comparativedynamics of small mammal populations in tree fallgaps and surrounding under storey within Amazonianrainforest[J].Oikos,2004,106(1):27-38.
[8]Margaret A.O’Connell.Population Dynamics of Ne-otropical Small Mammals in Seasonal Habitats[J].Journal of Mammalogy,1989,70:532-548.
[9]Charles H Calisher,W P Sweeney,Choate J R,et al.Dounusual site-specific population dynamics of rodentreservoirs provide clues to the natural history of hanta-viruses[J].Journal of Wildlife Diseases,2001,37(2):280-288.
[10]Ellen J Snyder,Louis B Best.Dynamics of Habitat useby Small Mammals in Prairie Communities[J].A-merican Midland Naturalist,1988,119:128-136.
[11]Hernfindez I,Romero A G,Laundr J W,et al.Chan-ges in Rodent Community Structure in the Chihua-huan Desert M6 Xico:Comparisons between TwoHabitats[J].Journal of Environments,2005,60:239-257.
[12]Ross A Bradstock.Effects of large fires on biodiversi-ty in south-eastern Australia:disaster or template fordiversity?[J].International Journal of WildlandFire,2008,17(6):809-822.
[13]张美文,王克林,王勇,等.洞庭湖区洪灾淹没区鼠类群落结构恢复的生态过程[J].生态学报,2004,24(6):1212-1218.
[14]张美文,王克林,王勇,等.长江中游农区洪涝灾害后鼠类数量动态[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(2):184-188.
[15]Tews J,Brose U,Grimm V,et al.Animal species di-versity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity:theimportance of keystone structures[J].Journal of Bio-geography,2004,31:79-92.
[16]Mackey,Robin L,David J Currie.The Diversity Dis-turbance Relationship:Is It Generally Strong andPeaked[J].Ecology,2001,82(3):3479-3492.
[17]David B Lindenmayer,Chris R Margules,Daniel BBotkin.Indicators of Biodiversity for EcologicallySustainable Forest Management[J].Conservation Bi-ology,2000,14(4):941-950.
[18]Jan A van Dam.Geographic and temporal patterns inthe late Neogene(12-3 Ma)aridification of Europe:The use of small mammals as paleoprecipitation prox-ies[J].Palaeoecology,2001,238(1-4):190-218.
[19]董大勇,蒋宝贵,邓永强,等.2008汶川特大地震灾区映秀镇的媒介生物监测[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2008,19(5):426-428.
[20]Nilton Carlos Caceres,Mauricio Neves Godoi,Wel-lington Hannibal,et al.Effects of altitude and vegeta-tion on small-mammal distribution in the UrucumMountains,western Brazil[J].Journal of Tropical E-cology,2011,27:279-287.
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