山东诸城早白垩世莱阳期古地震事件与恐龙迁移
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摘要
在诸城断陷皇华镇大山村黄龙沟存在丰富的、多样的恐龙足迹化石,在紧邻化石埋藏层下伏及上覆地层中发现了下白垩统莱阳群杨庄组多套古地震记录,主要包含波状褶皱、底劈构造、液化砂岩脉、液化角砾岩、粒序断层、卷曲变形和震积不整合等塑性、脆性软沉积物变形构造。分析表明初始沉积物、沉积相及构造作用确定了地震活动作用时形成的软沉积物变形构造类型。在早白垩世莱阳群沉积中期,地震活动具有阶段性及频发性,以单向挤压的丘-槽构造及双向挤压的波状变形为主,且后期有构造活动强度加大的特征。根据已识别的古地震记录发育及古地震活动强度分析,推测此时期发震断裂可能是断陷的南缘断裂——五莲断裂。区域构造作用使得该时期沉积环境发生变化,由湖相逐渐过渡到河流相,在突发古地震事件发生之后,在滨浅湖区域留下了丰富的恐龙迁徙足迹。古地震记录的研究,可建立古地震事件与沉积、构造演化的联系,约束构造作用的属性、频次及时限,为确定盆地及周缘构造-沉积演化历史提供证据。
Unusual,abundant dinosaur tracks have been discovered in Huanglonggou of Huanghua County in Jiaodong peninsula,eastern China.The tracks wee found to occur in the Yangzhuang Formation of Early Cretaceous Laiyang Group in south of Zhucheng faulted depression in Jiaolai basin.In this study,several sets of paleo-earthquake records were found in the Yangzhuang Formation immediately in underlying and overlying track-bearing strata.Soft-sediment deformation structures include undulate fold,diapir,liquefied sand vein,liquefied breccias,convolute deformation and seismite unconformity,and graded faults.Our analysis shows that initial sediments,sedimentary facies and tectonism determined structural deformation styles of soft sediments produced by seismic activities.During interim of sedimentation of early Cretaceous Laiyang Group,earthquakes were characterized by multiple periods and frequent occurrences,with unilateral compressional dome-trough structure and bi-directional compressional wavy deformation being predominant,and by increasing tectonic activities at late stage.Based on the identified paleo-earthquake development records and their magnitude analysis,it can be assumed that seismogenic fault was likely the Wulan fault,the southern segment of faulting in this period.Regional tectonic effect caused the change of sedimentary environments gradually from lacustrine to fluvial facies,and after outbreak of paleo-earthquakes,abundant tracks of dinosaur migration were left and preserved on lacustrine area.Paleo-seismic records can help built the link between paleo-earthquake events and deposition environment and tectonic evolution,and constrain attributes,frequencies and time-limit of tectonism,thus providing the evidence for determination of basin,surrounding structure and sedimentary development
Unusual,abundant dinosaur tracks have been discovered in Huanglonggou of Huanghua County in Jiaodong peninsula,eastern China.The tracks wee found to occur in the Yangzhuang Formation of Early Cretaceous Laiyang Group in south of Zhucheng faulted depression in Jiaolai basin.In this study,several sets of paleo-earthquake records were found in the Yangzhuang Formation immediately in underlying and overlying track-bearing strata.Soft-sediment deformation structures include undulate fold,diapir,liquefied sand vein,liquefied breccias,convolute deformation and seismite unconformity,and graded faults.Our analysis shows that initial sediments,sedimentary facies and tectonism determined structural deformation styles of soft sediments produced by seismic activities.During interim of sedimentation of early Cretaceous Laiyang Group,earthquakes were characterized by multiple periods and frequent occurrences,with unilateral compressional dome-trough structure and bi-directional compressional wavy deformation being predominant,and by increasing tectonic activities at late stage.Based on the identified paleo-earthquake development records and their magnitude analysis,it can be assumed that seismogenic fault was likely the Wulan fault,the southern segment of faulting in this period.Regional tectonic effect caused the change of sedimentary environments gradually from lacustrine to fluvial facies,and after outbreak of paleo-earthquakes,abundant tracks of dinosaur migration were left and preserved on lacustrine area.Paleo-seismic records can help built the link between paleo-earthquake events and deposition environment and tectonic evolution,and constrain attributes,frequencies and time-limit of tectonism,thus providing the evidence for determination of basin,surrounding structure and sedimentary development
引文
王金光,王立法,李庆平,张富中,秦杰,侯建华.2004.中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告潍坊市幅(1∶250000).
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩.地球科学进展,(4):389～394.
何碧竹,乔秀夫,许志琴,焦存礼,蔡志慧,张英利,苏德辰.2010.塔里木盆地满加尔坳陷及周缘晚奥陶世古地震记录及其地质意义.地质学报,84(12):1805～1816.
何碧竹,乔秀夫,田洪水,陈树清,张艳侠.2011.山东诸城晚白垩世古地震事件与恐龙骨骼化石埋藏.古地理学报,(6):1671～1505.
胡承志.1973.山东诸城巨型鸭嘴龙化石.地质学报,2:179～206.
胡志承,程政武.1986.巨型山东龙再研究的新进展.中国地质科学院院报,14:163～170.
李日辉,张光威.2000.莱阳盆地莱阳群恐龙足迹化石的新发现.地质论评,46(4):605～610.
李日辉,刘明渭,松川正树.2002.山东发现侏罗纪恐龙足迹化石.地质通报,21(8-9):596～597.
李志恒.2010.探访山东诸城“恐龙墓地”.化石,1:2～8.
梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.1994.再论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例.地球科学,19(6):845～850.
梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,陈国民.1991.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例.现代地质,5(2):138～147.
刘明渭,张庆玉,宋万千.2003.山东省白垩纪岩石地层序列与火山岩系地层划分.地层学杂志,27(3):247～253.
柳永清,旷红伟,彭楠,姬书安,王旭日,陈树清,张燕霞,许欢.2010.鲁东诸城地区晚白垩世恐龙集群埋藏地沉积相与埋藏学初步研究.地质论评,56(4):457～468.
柳永清,旷红伟,2011.山东胶莱盆地白垩纪恐龙足迹与骨骼化石埋藏沉积相与古地理环境.地学前缘,18(4):9～24.
陆克政,戴俊生.1994.胶莱盆地的形成和演化.东营:石油大学出版社,1～174.
乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,郭宪璞,司家亮,宗文明.2008.新疆境内塔拉斯费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据.地质学报,82(6):721～730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震、古地震效应.古地理学报,11(6):593～610.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,李海兵,彭阳,张传恒,章雨旭.2006.地层中地震记录(古地震).北京:地质出版社,1～263.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,彭阳,李海兵,高励,宋彪,张巧大.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1):16～34.
邱检生,王德滋,罗清华,刘洪.2001.鲁东胶莱盆地青山组火山岩的40Ar39Ar定年——以五莲分岭火山机构为例.高校地质学报,7(3):351～355.
山东省第四地质矿产勘查院.2003.山东省区域地质志.济南:山东省地图出版社,1～970.
施炜,张岳桥,董树文,武丽,杜利林.2003.山东胶莱盆地构造变形及形成演化——以王氏群和大盛群变形分析为例.地质通报,22(5):325～334.
宋明春,李远友,战金成,梁帮启.2002.1∶25万日照市幅区域地质调查报告.山东省地质调查院,1～660.
田洪水,张增奇.2006.山东安丘地区郯庐断裂带古近纪冲积物震积岩序列.地质科学,41(2):208～21.
邢立达,杰瑞德D哈里斯,王克柏,李日辉.2010.山东诸城盆地下白垩统莱阳群的非鸟恐龙与鸟足迹化石组合.地质通报,29(8):1105～1112.
许志琴.1984.郯庐裂谷系概述.构造地质论丛(3).北京:地质出版社,39～46.
杨剑萍,聂玲玲,张琳璞,杨君,张跃.2008.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近系古地震记录及储集性能研究.地质学报,86(6):805～812.
杨钟健.1958.中国古生物志(142册),新丙种(16号).北京:科学出版社,1～138.
殷秀兰,杨天南.2005.胶州-莱阳盆地白垩纪莱阳群中的震积岩及构造意义讨论.地质论评,51(5):502～506.
张岳桥,李金良,柳宗泉,任凤楼,袁嘉音.2006.胶莱盆地深部拆离系统及其区域构造意义.石油与天然气地质,27(4):504～511.
张岳桥,李金良,张田,董树文,袁嘉音.2008.胶莱盆地及其邻区白垩纪——古新世沉积构造演化历史及其区域动力学意义.地质学报,82(9):1229～1257.
赵喜进,李敦景,韩岗,赵华锡,刘凤光,李来进,方晓思.2007.山东的巨大诸城龙.地球学报,28(2):111～122.
Allen J R L.1977.The possible mechanics of convolute laminationin graded sand beds.J.Geol.Sot.London,134:19～31.
Li Rihui,Lockley M G,Matsukawa Masaki,Wang Kebai,LiuMingwei.2011.An unusual theropod track assemblage fromthe Cretaceous of the Zhucheng area,Shandong Province,China.Cretaceous Research,32:422～432.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.10.006.
Lowe D R.1975.Water escape structures in coarse-grainedsediments.Sedimentology,22:157～204.
Montenat C,Barrier P,d Stevou P O,Hibsch C.2007.Seismites:an attempt at critical analysis and classification.SedimentaryGeology,196:5～30.
Owen G.1987.Deformation Processes in Unconsolidated Sands.In:Jones M E,Preston R F(eds).Deformation of Sedimentsand Sedimentary Rocks.London:Geological Society of LondonSpecial Publication,29:11～24.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-grade beds interpreted as seismites.Sedimentology,13:155～159.
Seilacher A.1984.Sedimentary structures tentatively attributed toseismic events.Marine Geology,55:1～12.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩.地球科学进展,(4):389～394.
何碧竹,乔秀夫,许志琴,焦存礼,蔡志慧,张英利,苏德辰.2010.塔里木盆地满加尔坳陷及周缘晚奥陶世古地震记录及其地质意义.地质学报,84(12):1805～1816.
何碧竹,乔秀夫,田洪水,陈树清,张艳侠.2011.山东诸城晚白垩世古地震事件与恐龙骨骼化石埋藏.古地理学报,(6):1671～1505.
胡承志.1973.山东诸城巨型鸭嘴龙化石.地质学报,2:179～206.
胡志承,程政武.1986.巨型山东龙再研究的新进展.中国地质科学院院报,14:163～170.
李日辉,张光威.2000.莱阳盆地莱阳群恐龙足迹化石的新发现.地质论评,46(4):605～610.
李日辉,刘明渭,松川正树.2002.山东发现侏罗纪恐龙足迹化石.地质通报,21(8-9):596～597.
李志恒.2010.探访山东诸城“恐龙墓地”.化石,1:2～8.
梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.1994.再论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例.地球科学,19(6):845～850.
梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,陈国民.1991.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例.现代地质,5(2):138～147.
刘明渭,张庆玉,宋万千.2003.山东省白垩纪岩石地层序列与火山岩系地层划分.地层学杂志,27(3):247～253.
柳永清,旷红伟,彭楠,姬书安,王旭日,陈树清,张燕霞,许欢.2010.鲁东诸城地区晚白垩世恐龙集群埋藏地沉积相与埋藏学初步研究.地质论评,56(4):457～468.
柳永清,旷红伟,2011.山东胶莱盆地白垩纪恐龙足迹与骨骼化石埋藏沉积相与古地理环境.地学前缘,18(4):9～24.
陆克政,戴俊生.1994.胶莱盆地的形成和演化.东营:石油大学出版社,1～174.
乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,郭宪璞,司家亮,宗文明.2008.新疆境内塔拉斯费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据.地质学报,82(6):721～730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震、古地震效应.古地理学报,11(6):593～610.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,李海兵,彭阳,张传恒,章雨旭.2006.地层中地震记录(古地震).北京:地质出版社,1～263.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,彭阳,李海兵,高励,宋彪,张巧大.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1):16～34.
邱检生,王德滋,罗清华,刘洪.2001.鲁东胶莱盆地青山组火山岩的40Ar39Ar定年——以五莲分岭火山机构为例.高校地质学报,7(3):351～355.
山东省第四地质矿产勘查院.2003.山东省区域地质志.济南:山东省地图出版社,1～970.
施炜,张岳桥,董树文,武丽,杜利林.2003.山东胶莱盆地构造变形及形成演化——以王氏群和大盛群变形分析为例.地质通报,22(5):325～334.
宋明春,李远友,战金成,梁帮启.2002.1∶25万日照市幅区域地质调查报告.山东省地质调查院,1～660.
田洪水,张增奇.2006.山东安丘地区郯庐断裂带古近纪冲积物震积岩序列.地质科学,41(2):208～21.
邢立达,杰瑞德D哈里斯,王克柏,李日辉.2010.山东诸城盆地下白垩统莱阳群的非鸟恐龙与鸟足迹化石组合.地质通报,29(8):1105～1112.
许志琴.1984.郯庐裂谷系概述.构造地质论丛(3).北京:地质出版社,39～46.
杨剑萍,聂玲玲,张琳璞,杨君,张跃.2008.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近系古地震记录及储集性能研究.地质学报,86(6):805～812.
杨钟健.1958.中国古生物志(142册),新丙种(16号).北京:科学出版社,1～138.
殷秀兰,杨天南.2005.胶州-莱阳盆地白垩纪莱阳群中的震积岩及构造意义讨论.地质论评,51(5):502～506.
张岳桥,李金良,柳宗泉,任凤楼,袁嘉音.2006.胶莱盆地深部拆离系统及其区域构造意义.石油与天然气地质,27(4):504～511.
张岳桥,李金良,张田,董树文,袁嘉音.2008.胶莱盆地及其邻区白垩纪——古新世沉积构造演化历史及其区域动力学意义.地质学报,82(9):1229～1257.
赵喜进,李敦景,韩岗,赵华锡,刘凤光,李来进,方晓思.2007.山东的巨大诸城龙.地球学报,28(2):111～122.
Allen J R L.1977.The possible mechanics of convolute laminationin graded sand beds.J.Geol.Sot.London,134:19～31.
Li Rihui,Lockley M G,Matsukawa Masaki,Wang Kebai,LiuMingwei.2011.An unusual theropod track assemblage fromthe Cretaceous of the Zhucheng area,Shandong Province,China.Cretaceous Research,32:422～432.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.10.006.
Lowe D R.1975.Water escape structures in coarse-grainedsediments.Sedimentology,22:157～204.
Montenat C,Barrier P,d Stevou P O,Hibsch C.2007.Seismites:an attempt at critical analysis and classification.SedimentaryGeology,196:5～30.
Owen G.1987.Deformation Processes in Unconsolidated Sands.In:Jones M E,Preston R F(eds).Deformation of Sedimentsand Sedimentary Rocks.London:Geological Society of LondonSpecial Publication,29:11～24.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-grade beds interpreted as seismites.Sedimentology,13:155～159.
Seilacher A.1984.Sedimentary structures tentatively attributed toseismic events.Marine Geology,55:1～12.
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