汶川地震后四川片口自然保护区隐翅虫科昆虫物种多样性调查研究
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摘要
【目的】调查四川片口自然保护区5种微生境内的隐翅虫科昆虫物种多样性,通过与2005年的调查数据相比较,为汶川地震后生态修复效果提供依据和参考。【方法】2012年7-8月,在保护区实验研究区域隐翅虫活动频繁的5类微生境中随机设置10块5m×5m的样地采集标本,标本鉴定后计算α物种多样性。【结果】共采集隐翅虫标本1066号,分别隶属于13亚科79属162形态种。个体数量在腐败物、地被物、真菌、草堆、沙滩水边5种微生境中依次减少。形态种数量在地被物中最多,其次为腐败物中,在其余的3种微生境中的值很接近。对5种微生境内的隐翅虫进行α物种多样性分析表明,丰富度指数(S)在地被物中数值最大,在腐败物中其次,其余3种生境中数值相近。优势度指数(λ)在真菌中的数值最大,在地被物中的数值最小,其余3种生境中数值接近。多样性指数(H′)在地被物中数值最大,在其他4种微生境中的数值相近。均匀度指数(J)在地被物、沙滩水边和草堆中的数值大于在腐败物和真菌中的值。以上4个α物种多样性指数都说明地被物是隐翅虫生存的良好生境,也反映出该类型的生境中隐翅虫群落结构较为稳定,这是隐翅虫与特定的微生境长期协同进化的结果。【结论】通过与2005年的调查数据相比较,发现在5种微生境中的隐翅虫丰富度指数(S)虽然都有所下降,但多样性指数(H′)和均匀度指数(J)都或多或少有所提高。可以初步说明汶川地震后经过4年生态修复和灾后重建,保护区内隐翅虫的物种多样性已得到有效恢复,也说明生态修复有利于隐翅虫的繁衍发展,有利于保护区森林生态系统地协调演替。
【Objective】Theαspecies diversity of staphylinidae in five microhabitats in Piankou Nature Reserve of Sichuan province was investigated.Our study can provide foundation and references for ecological restoration of Wenchuan by comparing the data between 2005 and current study.【Method】10 randomly-designed 5m×5m plots in five microhabitats in Piankou Nature Reserve were selected in July and August,2012 and staphylinidae samples were collected.αspecies diversity was concluded after the samples were identified.【Results】A total of 1066 samples,belonging to 162 morphological species,79genera and 13 subfamilies,had been collected.The number of samples decreased along septic matters,ground cover,fungi,haystack and waterside.The amount of morphological species was the largest in ground cover,followed by septic matters while the numbers in the other three microhabitats were similar.The analysis ofαspecies diversity showed that richness index(S)of ground cover and septic matters were relatively high while other three habitats were very similar.The dominance index(λ)was the highest in fungi and lowest in ground cover and the other three habitats were nearly same.Diversity index(H)was largest in ground cover and the other four microhabitats were close.The values of evenness index(J)in ground cover,waterside and haystack were higher than those in septic matters and fungi.The aboveαspecies diversity indexes suggested that ground cover was an excellent habitat for staphylinidae and the structure was relatively stable in such a habitat.That was a result of longterm mutual evolution of staphylinidae and specific microhabitats.【Conclusion】Compared with the data of 2005,the richness index(S)decreased in all five microhabitats but diversity index(H′)and evenness index(J)were,to some extent,increased.The results noted in study indicated that species diversity of staphylinidae had been effectively restored after 4-year ecological rehabilitation and reconstruction.Ecological rehabilitation is helpful for breed development and forest succession in Piankou Nature Reserve.
【Objective】Theαspecies diversity of staphylinidae in five microhabitats in Piankou Nature Reserve of Sichuan province was investigated.Our study can provide foundation and references for ecological restoration of Wenchuan by comparing the data between 2005 and current study.【Method】10 randomly-designed 5m×5m plots in five microhabitats in Piankou Nature Reserve were selected in July and August,2012 and staphylinidae samples were collected.αspecies diversity was concluded after the samples were identified.【Results】A total of 1066 samples,belonging to 162 morphological species,79genera and 13 subfamilies,had been collected.The number of samples decreased along septic matters,ground cover,fungi,haystack and waterside.The amount of morphological species was the largest in ground cover,followed by septic matters while the numbers in the other three microhabitats were similar.The analysis ofαspecies diversity showed that richness index(S)of ground cover and septic matters were relatively high while other three habitats were very similar.The dominance index(λ)was the highest in fungi and lowest in ground cover and the other three habitats were nearly same.Diversity index(H)was largest in ground cover and the other four microhabitats were close.The values of evenness index(J)in ground cover,waterside and haystack were higher than those in septic matters and fungi.The aboveαspecies diversity indexes suggested that ground cover was an excellent habitat for staphylinidae and the structure was relatively stable in such a habitat.That was a result of longterm mutual evolution of staphylinidae and specific microhabitats.【Conclusion】Compared with the data of 2005,the richness index(S)decreased in all five microhabitats but diversity index(H′)and evenness index(J)were,to some extent,increased.The results noted in study indicated that species diversity of staphylinidae had been effectively restored after 4-year ecological rehabilitation and reconstruction.Ecological rehabilitation is helpful for breed development and forest succession in Piankou Nature Reserve.
引文
[1]张艳.中国圆胸隐翅虫属分类研究(鞘翅目:隐翅虫科:尖腹隐翅虫亚科)[D].上海:上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院,2004.
[2]郑发科.隐翅虫形态分类学纲要[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1992:4.
[3]Bohac J.Staphylinid beetles as bioindicators[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,1999,74:357-372.
[4]胡锦矗.四川北川县片口自然保护区综合科学考察报告[R].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2003:1-2.
[5]杨集昆.昆虫的采集[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1958:19-30,118-127.
[6]北京农业大学.昆虫学通论(上册)[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,1990:274.
[7]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[8]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[9]赵志模,郭依泉.群落生态学原理与方法[M].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1990:148-150.
[10]徐汝梅.昆虫种群生态学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1987:13.
[11]刘志萍.山西省隐翅虫种类资源的调查与研究[D].晋中:山西农业大学植保学院,2002.
[12]吴鸿,陈德良,余久华.浙江百山祖自然保护区昆虫群落生态研究[J].浙江林学院学报,1997,14(1):22-28.
[13]肖海龙.猫儿山自然保护区蝗虫生物多样性研究[D].桂林:广西师范大学生命科学学院,2001.
[14]孟庆玉.四川片口自然保护区隐翅虫科属级生境考察及布里隐翅虫属(鞘翅目:隐翅虫科:异型隐翅虫亚科)的分类研究[D].南充:西华师范大学生命科学学院,2006.
[15]邓东周,鄢武先,张兴友,等.四川地震灾后重建生态修复Ⅱ:问题与建议[J].四川林业科技,2011,32(6):57-61.
[2]郑发科.隐翅虫形态分类学纲要[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1992:4.
[3]Bohac J.Staphylinid beetles as bioindicators[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,1999,74:357-372.
[4]胡锦矗.四川北川县片口自然保护区综合科学考察报告[R].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2003:1-2.
[5]杨集昆.昆虫的采集[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1958:19-30,118-127.
[6]北京农业大学.昆虫学通论(上册)[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,1990:274.
[7]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[8]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[9]赵志模,郭依泉.群落生态学原理与方法[M].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1990:148-150.
[10]徐汝梅.昆虫种群生态学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1987:13.
[11]刘志萍.山西省隐翅虫种类资源的调查与研究[D].晋中:山西农业大学植保学院,2002.
[12]吴鸿,陈德良,余久华.浙江百山祖自然保护区昆虫群落生态研究[J].浙江林学院学报,1997,14(1):22-28.
[13]肖海龙.猫儿山自然保护区蝗虫生物多样性研究[D].桂林:广西师范大学生命科学学院,2001.
[14]孟庆玉.四川片口自然保护区隐翅虫科属级生境考察及布里隐翅虫属(鞘翅目:隐翅虫科:异型隐翅虫亚科)的分类研究[D].南充:西华师范大学生命科学学院,2006.
[15]邓东周,鄢武先,张兴友,等.四川地震灾后重建生态修复Ⅱ:问题与建议[J].四川林业科技,2011,32(6):57-61.
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