塔里木盆地GL3井鹰山组沥青的发现及地质意义
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摘要
塔里木盆地古城墟隆起GL3井在鹰山组发现了大量固体沥青,其主要赋存于泥晶砂屑灰岩及云质灰岩的溶孔和裂缝中。通过岩心观察、显微照片和沥青反射率(Rb)等分析,发现沥青边界较清晰,不溶于有机溶剂氯仿,无荧光显示,Rb为2.76%~2.85%,与焦沥青的基本特征相似,表现为古油藏裂解的残迹。GL3井鹰山组沥青的发现具有两大地质意义:1沥青发育段与围岩波阻抗的差异可能是GL3井鹰山组"串珠状"地震强反射形成的主要原因,会造成对该井储层预测的偏差;2根据包裹体测温,沥青和天然气成因、埋藏史及生烃史分析,恢复GL3井古油藏的成藏过程,其大致可分为加里东中—晚期古油藏形成与喜马拉雅晚期古油藏裂解成气并转变为焦沥青残迹的两大过程。该研究这对深化古城墟隆起成藏过程研究具有一定意义。
Great number of soild bitumen have been found in Yingshan Formation from GL3 well in Guchengxu Uplift of Tarim Basin. It occurred in the vug and fissure of micritic calcarenite and dolomitic limestone. Based on the analyses of core observation, micrograph and coefficient of reflection, we found that bitumen has many characteristics of clear boundary, insoluble in chloroform, no fluorescent display, with coefficient of reflection ranging from 2.76% to 2.85%.This characteristics are similar to pyrobitumen resulted from paleo-reservoir cracking. The discovery of bitumen in Yingshan Formation in GL3 well has two major geological significances:(1) the difference of wave impedance between bitumen development segment and wall rock may be the main reason for string beads reflection in Yingshan Formation in GL3 well, and can cause a deviation of reservoir prediction of;(2) through the analysis of inclusion thermometry,origin of bitumen and gas, burial history and hydrocarbon generation history, we reconstructed the accumulation process of the paleo-reservoir in GL3 well. We can divide the process into two phases: Middle-Late Caledonian paleoreservoir formation and Late Himalayan paleo-reservoir cracking to gas and transforming to pyrobitumen. It is of certain significance to deepening the study of reservoir forming conditions of Guchengxu Uplift.
Great number of soild bitumen have been found in Yingshan Formation from GL3 well in Guchengxu Uplift of Tarim Basin. It occurred in the vug and fissure of micritic calcarenite and dolomitic limestone. Based on the analyses of core observation, micrograph and coefficient of reflection, we found that bitumen has many characteristics of clear boundary, insoluble in chloroform, no fluorescent display, with coefficient of reflection ranging from 2.76% to 2.85%.This characteristics are similar to pyrobitumen resulted from paleo-reservoir cracking. The discovery of bitumen in Yingshan Formation in GL3 well has two major geological significances:(1) the difference of wave impedance between bitumen development segment and wall rock may be the main reason for string beads reflection in Yingshan Formation in GL3 well, and can cause a deviation of reservoir prediction of;(2) through the analysis of inclusion thermometry,origin of bitumen and gas, burial history and hydrocarbon generation history, we reconstructed the accumulation process of the paleo-reservoir in GL3 well. We can divide the process into two phases: Middle-Late Caledonian paleoreservoir formation and Late Himalayan paleo-reservoir cracking to gas and transforming to pyrobitumen. It is of certain significance to deepening the study of reservoir forming conditions of Guchengxu Uplift.
引文
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[2]金仙梅,曹自成,陈建华.塔里木盆地古城墟隆起构造演化及其勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(4):418-420.Jin Xianmei,Cao Zicheng,Chen Jianhua.Structural evolution and exploration direction of Guchengxu uplift of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(4):418-420.
[3]唐照星,曹自成,汪新文,等.塔里木盆地古城墟隆起鹰山组内幕储层特征及影响因素[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(4):44-49.Tang Zhaoxing,Cao Zicheng,Wang xinwen,et al.Reservior characteristics and influencing factors in the inner Yingshan Formation in Guchengxu uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(4):44-49.
[4]程宏岗,魏国齐,冉启贵,等.塔东地区下古生界固体沥青特征与油气成藏[J].天然气工业,2013,33(10):40-46.Cheng Honggang,Wei Guoqi,Ran Qigui,et al.Relationship between hydrocarbon accumulation and solid bitumen characteristic of the Lower Paleozoic in the eastern Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(10):40-46.
[5]张水昌,王招明,王飞宇,等.塔里木盆地塔东2油藏形成历史——原油稳定性与裂解作用实例研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(6):25-30.Zhang Shuichang,Wang Zhaoming,Wang Feiyu,et al.Oil accumulation history in Tadong 2 oil reservoir in Tarim Basin,NW China—A case study of oil stability and cracking[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(6):25-30.
[6]冉启贵,程宏岗,肖中尧,等.塔东地区构造热事件及其对原油裂解的影响[J].现代地质,2008,22(4):541-548.Ran Qigui,Cheng Honggang,Xiao Zhongyao,et al.Tectono-thermal event and its influence on cracking of crude oil in eastern Tarim Basin[J].Geoscience,2008,22(4):541-548.
[7]钱玲,李江海,卢玉红,等.塔东地区古城4井和罗西1井油气成藏差异性分析[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(4):628-634.Qian Ling,Li Jianghai,Lu Yuhong,et al.Difference analysis on hydrocarbon accumulations in two wells of Gucheng 4 and Luoxi 1in the Eastern Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(4):628-634.
[8]李靖,周世新,巩书华,等.川东北地区烃源岩与沥青生物标志物特征及古油藏油源辨识[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(4):54-62.Li Jing,Zhou Shixin,Gong Shuhua,et al.Biomarker characteristics of source rock and bitumen and oil-source correlation of paleo-reservoir in northeastern Sichuan[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(4):54-62.
[9]Levine J R,Samson I M,Hesse R.Occurrence of fracture-hosted impsonite and petroleum fluid inclusions,Quebec City Region,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(1):139-155.
[10]杨永才,张枝焕,常象春,等.塔里木盆地YN2井储层沥青的地球化学特征及成因分析[J].矿物岩石,2006,26(2):92-96.Yang Yongcai,Zhang Zhihuan,Chang Xiangchun,et al.Geochemical characteristics of solid bitumen in YN2 Well in Tarim Basin and its genetic analysis[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2006,26(2):92-96.
[11]刘德汉,肖贤明,田辉,等.应用流体包裹体和沥青特征判别天然气的成因[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):375-382.Liu Dehan,Xiao Xianming,Tian Hui,et al.Identification of natural gas origin using the characteristics of bitumen and fluid inclusions[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):375-382.
[12]王铁冠,戴世峰,李美俊,等.塔里木盆地台盆区地层有机质热史及其对区域地质演化研究的启迪[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(10):1331-1341.Wang Tieguan,Dai Shifeng,Li Meijun,et al.Stratigraphic thermohistory and its implications for regional geoevolution in the Tarim Basin[J].Science China:Earth Science,2010,40(10):1331-1341.
[13]王洪求,刘伟方,郑多明,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩“非串珠状”缝洞型储层类型及成因[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(6):982-988.Wang Hongqiu,Liu Weifang,Zheng Duoming,et al.Types and causes of“none-string beads”fracture-cavity reservoirs in Ordovician Carbonate of Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(6):982-988.
[14]孙东,潘建国,雍学善,等.碳酸盐岩储层垂向长串珠形成机制[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):101-104.Sun Dong,Pan Jianguo,Yong Xueshan,et al.Formation mechanism of vertical“long string beads”in carbonate reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):101-104.
[15]兰晓东,朱炎铭,冉启贵.塔东地区下古生界烃源岩热演化及有利生烃区分析[J].新疆地质,2013,31(1):37-41.Lan Xiaodong,Zhu Yanming,Ran Qigui.Thermal evolution of Eopaleozoic source rock and favorable generation area in Eastern Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2013,31(1):37-41.
[16]胡国艺,李谨,崔会英,等.塔东地区天然气生成地质模式及其封盖条件评价[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(增刊2):87-96.Hu Guoyi,Li Jin,Cui Huiying,et al.Geological model of Gas generation and Its sealing condition evaluation in Eastern Tarim Basin[J].Science in China(Series D):Earth Sciences,2008,38(S2):87-96.
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