华南陆缘地质特征对南海北部盆地基底的约束
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摘要
通过野外地质考察和资料研究,总结了华南陆缘前新生代地层的地质特征,根据南海北部盆地内钻遇基底的钻井资料和地震剖面,利用区域地层对比方法,将盆地基底的地层、岩性和岩相按构造层从老至新与华南陆缘进行对比,以此对盆地基底的构造属性进行约束,为南海北部盆地基底油气勘探提供必要的基础地质支撑。研究发现,南海北部盆地前震旦系结晶基底属于华夏古陆的一部分,其上的震旦系—中生界特征与华南陆缘相似。震旦系—下古生界广泛分布于南海北部,岩石普遍遭受浅变质作用;上古生界仅分布在北部湾盆地,以碳酸盐岩为主,珠江口盆地及琼东南盆地缺失上古生界;中生界主要分布于阳江—一统暗沙东断裂以东地区,下部以海相碳酸盐岩及碎屑岩为主,向上过渡为陆相碎屑岩;北部湾盆地中生界零星分布。
The geological characteristics of Pre-Cenozoic strata along the South China continental margin are summarized through field geology investigation and data research.Based on seismic cross-sections and drilling data related to the basement of basins in northern South China Sea and using regional stratigraphic correlation method,stratigraphy,lithology and Lithofacies of the basement is analyzed from lower structural layers to the upper as compared with those of the South China continental margin,thus providing constraints on tectonic attribute of the basement and laying ageological base for oil and gas exploration.The results shows that pre-Sinian crystalline basement of basins in the northern South China Sea is part of the Cathaysia Craton,and the Sinian-Mesozoic strata have similar characteristics with the South China continental margin.The Sinian-Lower Palaeozoic strata are widely distributed in the northern South China Sea,and most have experienced low-grade metamorphism.The Upper-Paleozoic strata,mainly composed of carbonate rocks,are only distributed in the northern Beibuwan Basin,and absent in Pearl River Mouth Basin and Qiongdongnan Basin.The Mesozoic strata are mainly distributed in the east of eastern Yangjing-Yitongansha fault,featured by marine carbonatesclastic deposition in the lower layers and terrestrial clastic deposition in the upper layer,and rare in Beibuwan Basin.
The geological characteristics of Pre-Cenozoic strata along the South China continental margin are summarized through field geology investigation and data research.Based on seismic cross-sections and drilling data related to the basement of basins in northern South China Sea and using regional stratigraphic correlation method,stratigraphy,lithology and Lithofacies of the basement is analyzed from lower structural layers to the upper as compared with those of the South China continental margin,thus providing constraints on tectonic attribute of the basement and laying ageological base for oil and gas exploration.The results shows that pre-Sinian crystalline basement of basins in the northern South China Sea is part of the Cathaysia Craton,and the Sinian-Mesozoic strata have similar characteristics with the South China continental margin.The Sinian-Lower Palaeozoic strata are widely distributed in the northern South China Sea,and most have experienced low-grade metamorphism.The Upper-Paleozoic strata,mainly composed of carbonate rocks,are only distributed in the northern Beibuwan Basin,and absent in Pearl River Mouth Basin and Qiongdongnan Basin.The Mesozoic strata are mainly distributed in the east of eastern Yangjing-Yitongansha fault,featured by marine carbonatesclastic deposition in the lower layers and terrestrial clastic deposition in the upper layer,and rare in Beibuwan Basin.
引文
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[2]任纪舜.中国及邻区大地构造图[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.Ren Jishun.The tectonic map of China and adjacent regions[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999.
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[4]舒良树.华南前泥盆纪构造演化:从华夏地块到加里东期造山带[J].高校地质学报,2006,12(4):418-431.Shu Liangshu.Predevonian tectonic evolution of South China:from cathaysian block to caledonian period folded orogenic belt[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2006,12(4):418-431.
[5]刘昭蜀,赵焕庭,范时清,等.南海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.Liu Zhaoshu,Zhao Huanting,Fan Shiqing,et al.Geology of the South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.
[6]王家林,吴健生,陈冰.珠江口盆地和东海陆架盆地基底结构的综合地球物理研究[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.Wang Jialin,Wu Jiansheng,Chen Bing.Integrated geophysical researches on base texture of Zhujiang River Mouth Basin[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.
[7]王家林,张新兵,吴健生,等.珠江口盆地基底结构的综合地球物理研究[J].热带海洋学报,2002,21(2):13-22.Wang Jialin,Zhang Xinbing,Wu Jiansheng,et al.Integrated geophysical researches on base texture of Zhujiang River Mouth basin[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2002,21(2):13-22.
[8]姚伯初,万玲,曾维军,等.中国南海海域岩石圈三维结构及演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.Yao Bochu,Wan Ling,Zeng Weijun,et al.The Three-dimensional structure of lithosphere and its evolution in the South China Sea[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006.
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[11]Zhou Di,Wang Wanyin,Wang Jialin,et al.Mesozoic subductionaccretion zone in northeastern South China Sea inferred from geophysical interpretations[J].Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences,2006,49(5):471-482.
[12]刘以宣.华南沿海的活动断裂[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985,5(3):11-21.Liu Yixuan.The active fractures in South China coast[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1985,5(3):11-21.
[13]舒良树.华南构造演化的基本特征[J].地质通报,2012,31(7):1035-1053.Shu Liangshu.An analysis of principal features of tectonic evolution in South China Block[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2012,31(7):1035-1053.
[14]江博明,张宗清.冀东太古代麻粒岩-片麻岩的稀土地球化学和岩石成因[J].中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊,1985:1-34.Jiang Boming,Zhang Zongqing.Rare Earth Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Archean granulit-gneisses from eastern Hebei province,North China[J].Bulletin of the Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1985:1-34.
[15]秦国权.西沙群岛“西永一井”有孔虫组合及该群岛珊瑚礁成因初探[J].热带海洋学报,1987,6(3):10-20.Qin Guoquan.A preliminary study on foraminiferal assemblages of well 1 Xiyong,Xisha Islands and their coral reef formation[J].Tropic Oceanology,1987,6(3):10-20.
[16]刘光鼎.东海的地质与油气勘探[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(2):184-197.Liu Guangding.Geology and exploration of petroleum in the east sea[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1988,31(2):184-197.
[17]鲁宝亮,孙晓猛,张功成,等.南海北部盆地基底岩性地震-重磁响应特征与识别[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):563-572.Lu Baoliang,Sun Xiaomeng,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Seismic-potential field response characteristics and identification of basement lithology of the northern South China Sea basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(2):563-572.
[18]郎元强,胡大千,刘畅,等.南海北部陆区岩石磁化率的矿物学研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):573-587.Lang Yuanqiang,Hu Daqian,Liu Chang,et al.Mineralogy study of magnetic susceptibility of rocks along the coast of the northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(2):573-587.
[19]都洵,张永康.东南区区域地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998.Du Xun,Zhang Yongkang.Regional stratigraphy in southeast China[M].Wuhan:China University of Geoscience Press,1998.
[20]福建省地质矿产局.福建省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2008.Geological Mineral Office of Fujian Province.Lithostratigraphy of Fujian province[M].Wuhan:China University of Geoscience Press,2008.
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[24]周蒂.台西南盆地和北港隆起的中生界及其沉积环境[J].热带海洋学报,2002,21(2):50-57.Zhou Di.Mesozoic strata and sedimentary environment in SW Taiwan basin of NE South China Sea and Peikang high of western Taiwan[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2002,21(2):50-57.
[25]舒良树,于津海,贾东,等.华南东段早古生代造山带研究[J].地质通报,2008,27(10):1581-1593.Shu Liangshu,Yu Jinhai,Jia Dong,et al.Early Paleozoic orogenic belt in the eastern segment of South China Early Paleozoic orogenic belt in the eastern segment of South China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(10):1581-1593.
[26]姚伯初,张莉,韦振权,等.华南东部中生代构造特征及沉积盆地[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(3):47-60.Yao Bochu,Zhang Li,Wei Zhenquan,et al.The Mesozoic tectonic characteristics and sedimentary basins in the eastern margin of South China[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(3):47-60.
[27]周蒂,孙珍,陈汉宗,等.南海及其围区中生代岩相古地理和构造演化[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):204-218.Zhou Di,Sun Zhen,Chen Hanzong,et al.Mesozoic lithofacies,paleo-geography,and tectonic evolution of the South China Sea and surrounding areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):204-218.
[28]钟广见,易海,林珍,等.粤东和南海东北部陆坡区中生界及烃源岩特征[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(6):676-680.Zhong Guangjian,Yi Hai,Lin Zhen,et al.Characteristic of source rocks and mesozoic in continental slope area of Northeastern the South China Sea and East Guangdong of China[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(6):676-680.
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