致密砂岩气储层裂缝评价方法与表征
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
致密砂岩气储层裂缝特征是影响储层含气性差异的主导因素,裂缝发育"甜点区"的准确预测是天然气获得高产、稳产的关键。在中国不同时代地层、沉积相、埋深及构造演化背景条件下均有致密砂岩气储层分布,这些因素导致致密砂岩气储层中裂缝发育特征具有特殊性和复杂性。本文系统提出了致密砂岩气储层裂缝评价的思路和方法,强调评价中应采用岩心观察统计与测井解释相结合、地震储层预测与钻井约束相结合、宏观尺度与微观尺度相结合、定性评价与定量表征相结合、数据统计与计算方法相结合、实验分析与数学模拟方法相结合的方法。最后,指出致密砂岩气储层裂缝评价的7个重点方面:(1)致密砂岩气储层不同级别裂缝发育层段综合识别特征研究;(2)裂缝发育层段特征参数定量表征;(3)裂缝类型及形成机理研究;(4)裂缝发育主控因素分析;(5)裂缝分布预测研究;(6)裂缝发育程度与主控因素和含气性关系及控气模式研究;(7)压裂过程中水力缝、天然裂缝及应力间耦合关系研究。
The fracture characteristics of tight sandstone gas reservoir are the dominant factors that affect the difference of reservoir hydrocarbon content.The accurate prediction of the"dessert area"where fractures are developed is the key to the high and stable yield of hydrocarbon gases.In our country,the tight sandstone reservoirs are distributed in different sedimentary facies,buried depth,times,and tectonic evolution backgrounds,which led to the specificity and complexity of the development of fractures in tight sandstone gas reservoir.In this paper,we put forward the ideas and methods to evaluate tight sandstone gas reservoir and highlight the method of combining core interpretation with geophysical interpretation,of combining seismic reservoir prediction with drilling-well constraint,of combining macro scale with micro scale,of combining qualitative assessment with quantitative characterization,of combining data statistics with calculating method,and of combining experimental analysis with mathematical simulation.Eventually,we propose seven key aspects to characterize tight sandstone gas reservoir:(1)comprehensive identification and standard system research of the fractures with variable developing intervals of tight sandstone gas reservoir levels;(2)quantitative research of characteristic parameters of fracture development zone;(3)the research of fracture types and formation mechanism;(4)the main controlling factor analysis of fracture development;(5)the research of fracture distribution prediction;(6)the relationship research of fracture development degree and hydrocarbon content and gas controlling mode;(7)the coupling relationship among hydraulic fractures,natural fractures and stresses during seam hydraulic fracturing.
引文
[1]Olson J E,Laubach S E,Lander R H.Natural fracture characterization in tight gas sandstones:Integrating mechanics and diagenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(11):1535-1549.
    [2]国家能源局.致密砂岩气地质评价方法[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
    [3]Schmoker J W.A resource evaluation of the Bakken formation(Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian)continuous oil accumulation,Williston Basin,North Dakota and Montana[J].The Mountain Geologist,1996,33(1):2-9.
    [4]丁文龙,李超,李春艳,等.页岩裂缝发育主控因素及其对含气性的影响[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):212-220.
    [5]丁文龙,梅永贵,尹帅,等.沁水盆地煤系地层孔裂隙特征测井反演[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(2):53-57.
    [6]白斌,邹才能,朱如凯,等.四川盆地九龙山构造须二段致密砂岩储层裂缝特征、形成时期与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):526-533.
    [7]邓虎成,周文,周秋媚,等.新场气田须二气藏天然裂缝有效性定量表征方法及应用[J].岩石学报,2013,29(3):1087-1096.
    [8]杨伟伟,柳广弟,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组低渗透砂岩油藏成藏机理与成藏模式[J].地学前缘,2013,20(2):132-139.
    [9]鞠玮,侯贵廷,冯胜斌,等.鄂尔多斯盆地庆城—合水地区延长组长63储层构造裂缝定量预测[J].地学前缘,2014,21(6):310-319.
    [10]Zeng L B,Li X Y.Fractures in sandstone reservoirs with ultra-low permeability:A case study of the Upper Triassic Yanchang formation in the Ordos basin,China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93:461-477.
    [11]Zeng L B,Liu H T.The key geological factors influencing on development of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs:A case study of the Taizhao area in the Songliao basin,China[J].Energy Exploration&Exploitation,2009,27(6):425-437.
    [12]李建忠,郭彬程,郑民,等.中国致密砂岩气主要类型、地质特征与资源潜力[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(4):607-614.
    [13]张贵生.川西坳陷须家河组致密砂岩储层裂缝特征[J].天然气工业,2005,25(7):11-13.
    [14]王平.地质力学方法研究:不同构造力作用下地应力的类型和分布[J].石油学报,1992,13(1):1-11.
    [15]曾联波,李忠兴,史成恩,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组特低渗透砂岩储层裂缝特征及成因[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):174-178.
    [16]万友利,丁晓琪,白晓亮,等.塔中地区志留系海相碎屑岩储层石英溶蚀成因及影响因素分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(1):138-144.
    [17]张惠良,张荣虎,杨海军,等.超深层裂缝孔隙型致密砂岩储集层表征与评价:以库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):158-166.
    [18]Zeng L B,Su H,Tang X M,et al.Fractured tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs:A new play type in the Dongpu depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(3):363-377.
    [19]Aguilera R.Determination of subsurface distance between vertical parallel natural fractures based on core data[J].AAPG Bulletin,1988,72(7):845-851.
    [20]Zeng L B,Jiang J W,Yang Y L.Fractures in the low porosity and ultra-low permeability glutenite reservoirs:A case study of the late Eocene Hetaoyuan formation in the Anpeng Oilfield,Nanxiang Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27:1642-1650.
    [21]Kranz R L.Microcracks in rocks:A review[J].Tectonophysics,1983,100:449-480.
    [22]Wu H Q,Pollard D D.An experimental study of the relationship between joint spacing and layer thickness[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1995,17(6):887-905.
    [23]Wayne N.Fracture density in the deep subsurface:Techniques with application to point Arguello Oil Field[J].The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1991,75(8):1300-1323.
    [24]邓虎成,周文,梁峰,等.基于常规测井进行裂缝综合识别:以鄂尔多斯盆地麻黄山地区延长组、延安组裂缝为例[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2009,28(6):315-319.
    [25]丁文龙,漆立新,吕海涛,等.利用FMI资料分析塔河油田南部中—下奥陶统储层构造应力场[J].现代地质,2009,23(5):852-858.
    [26]韩文学,高长海,韩霞.核磁共振及微/纳米CT技术在致密储层研究中的应用:以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段为例[J].断块油气田,2015,22(1):62-66.
    [27]王鹏威,陈筱,庞雄奇,等.构造裂缝对致密砂岩气成藏过程的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(2):185-190.
    [28]邹才能,杨智,陶士振,等.纳米油气与源储共生型油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):13-25.
    [29]Ding W L,Zhu D W,Cai J J,et al.Analysis of the developmental characteristics and major regulating factors of fractures in marine-continental transitional shale-gas reservoirs:A case study of the carboniferous-permian strata in the southeastern Ordos Basin,Central China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,45:121-133.
    [30]Ding W L,Li C,Li C Y,et al.Fracture development in shale and its relationship to gas accumulation[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2012,3(1):97-105.
    [31]Jahanbakhshi R,Keshavarzi R.Intelligent prediction of wellbore stability in oil and gas wells:An artificial neural network approach[J].American Rock Mechanics Association,2012,46:1-9.
    [32]王兆生,曾联波,张振国,等.巴喀油田裂缝发育特征及常规测井识别方法[J].新疆地质,2012,30(3):359-362.
    [33]印兴耀,刘欣欣,曹丹平.基于Biot相洽理论的致密砂岩弹性参数计算方法[J].石油物探,2013,52(5):445-450.
    [34]Wei Y J,Anand L.On micro-cracking,inelastic dilatancy,and the brittle-ductile transition in compact rocks:A micro-mechanical study[J].Solids and Structures,2008,45:2785-2798.
    [35]单钰铭.致密砂岩中裂缝的变形特征及对渗流能力的控制作用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2010,37(4):457-461.
    [36]周文,邓虎成,单钰铭,等.断裂(裂缝)面的开启及闭合压力实验研究[J].石油学报,2008,29(2):277-282.
    [37]孙炜,李玉凤,付建伟,等.测井及地震裂缝识别研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(3):1231-1242.
    [38]Wang X F,Yang Z G,Yates J R,et al.Monte carlo simulations of mesoscale fracture modeling of concrete with random aggregates and pores[J].Construction and Building Materials,2015,75:35-45.
    [39]郝芳,刘建章,邹华耀,等.莺歌海—琼东南盆地超压层系油气聚散机理浅析[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):169-178.
    [40]马旭杰,周文,唐瑜,等.川西新场地区须家河组二段气藏天然裂缝形成期次的确定[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):15-18.
    [41]曾联波.低渗透砂岩油气储层裂缝及其渗流特征[J].地质科学,2004,39(1):11-17.
    [42]尹帅,单钰铭,周文,等.破裂准则方程在深层岩石力学强度响应中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(6):2942-2949.
    [43]尹帅,单钰铭,王哲,等.Hoek-Brown准则在岩石抗压强度测井解释中的应用[J].桂林理工大学学报,2014,34(4):659-664.
    [44]Jiu K,Ding W L,Huang W H,et al.Simulation of paleotectonic stress fields within Paleogene shale reservoirs and prediction of favorable zones for fracture development within the Zhanhua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2013,110:119-131.
    [45]吴胜和,蔡正旗,施尚明,等.油矿地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:223-231.
    [46]Bogdonov A A.The intensity of cleavage as related to the thickness of beds[J].Soviet Geology,1947,16:102-104.
    [47]Nelson R A.Geologic analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs[M].Houston:Gulf Publishing,1985:320-321.
    [48]Handin J,Hager R V,Riedman M F,et al.Experimental deformation of sedimentary rocks under confining pressure;pore pressure tests[J].AAPG Bulletin,1963,47(5):717-755.
    [49]Marin B A,Clift S J,Hamlin H S,et al.Natural fractures in Sonora Canyon sandstones,Sonora and Sawyer Field,Sutton County,Texas[C]∥Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting/Low Permeability Reservoirs Symposium.London:Society of Petroleum Engineers,SPE 25895,1993:523-531.
    [50]Murray G H.Quantitative fracture study:Sanish Pool McKenzie country,North Dakota[J].AAPG Bulletin,1968,52(1):57-65.
    [51]曾锦光,罗元华,陈太源.应用构造面主曲率研究油气藏裂缝问题[J].力学学报,1982(2):202-206.
    [52]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.裂缝预测主曲率法的新探索[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):83-85.
    [53]刘人和,周文,刘文碧,等.青海柴达木盆地咸水泉油田第三系地层裂缝分布评价[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(2):52-56.
    [54]田立新,周东红,明君,等.窄方位角地震资料在裂缝储层预测中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2010,37(5):550-553.
    [55]杨凤丽,周祖翼,张善文,等.利用地震方法预测潜山裂缝性油气储层:以渤海湾南部为例[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(3):322-327.
    [56]韦红,朱仕军,谭勇,等.地震相干体技术在识别小断层和裂缝中的应用:以川西地区沙溪庙组为例[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):362-364.
    [57]丁文龙,金文正,樊春,等.油藏构造分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013.
    [58]Andras F,Peter E,Bodnar R J,et al.Natural hydraulic fracturing of tight gas sandstone reservoirs,Piceance Basin,Colorada[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2014,127(1/2):61-75.
    [59]曾联波,刘洪涛,房宝才,等.大庆油田台肇地区低渗透储层裂缝及其开发对策研究[J].中国工程科学,2004,6(11):73-78.
    [60]尹帅,单钰铭,周文,等.Hoek-Brown准则在致密砂岩弹性参数测井解释中的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(1):88-95.
    [61]赵顺超,罗志锋,袁学芳,等.裂缝性致密砂岩储集层酸压增产机理[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(2):208-210.
    [62]李玉喜,肖淑梅.储层天然裂缝与压裂裂缝关系分析[J].特种油气藏,2000,7(3):26-29.
    [63]文贤利.水力喷射压裂裂缝起裂与扩展规律研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2011:30-50.
    [64]朱向荣.直井定向射孔压裂斜井多缝压裂数值模拟研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2012:30-60.
    [65]程万,金衍,陈勉,等.三维空间中水力裂缝穿透天然裂缝的判别准则[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):336-340.
    [66]Mohammad A A,Sheik S R.Horizontal permeability anisotropy:Effect upon the evaluation and design of primary and secondary hydraulic fracture treatments in tight gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2010,74:4-13.
    [67]刘洪涛,曾联波,房宝才,等.裂缝对大庆台肇地区低渗透砂岩储层注水的影响[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(4):68-71.

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心