青藏高原东南缘地壳结构及云南鲁甸、景谷地震深部孕震环境
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摘要
通过联合解释青藏高原东南缘地区Rayleigh波群速度频散和固定地震台站的远震接收函数,构建了青藏东南缘3维地壳剪切波速度模型。结果表明研究区地壳结构具有强烈的横向不均一性。该区地壳厚度变化强烈(30~65km),其总体趋势是东南浅、西北深。研究显示该区存在2个明显的壳内低速异常带,其中中地壳(15~20km)低速带主要分布在腾冲、川滇菱形块体内部;而25~40km深度范围的中、下地壳低速带主要出现在研究区的北部,而在四川盆地和研究区南部则普遍缺失。鲁甸地震所在地震带的上地壳表现为高速异常,中、下地壳范围内存在2个显著的壳内低速带。鲁甸地震主震及其多数余震分布在高速的上地壳之中。与之不同,景谷地震序列及其所在思茅-普洱地震带下方没有显著的壳内低速带的出现,但其上地壳则表现为S波低速异常,该上地壳低速异常可能与地壳强烈破碎及断层/微裂隙中的流体有关。
A detailed 3D crust S-wave velocity model is derived from joint analysis of Rayleigh wave group velocity and teleseismic P-wave receiver functions at permanent stations on the southeast margin of Tibet plateau and its surrounding area. Our new models show the velocity structure in the crust beneath SE Tibet is strongly heterogeneous. There are strong lateral variations in crustal thickness,which increases gradually from 30 km in the south and east of Yunan to ~ 65 km in the SE Tibetan Plateau. Two obvious low velocity zones( LVZs) are revealed at various depths in the crust. The shallower LVZ in the middle crust( 15 ~ 20 km depth) are limited in the Tengchong volcano and Sichuan-Yunnan( Chuan-Dian) rhombus block. Another LVZ in the middle-to-lower crust varies between 25 and 40 km and it shallows toward the east and southeast and is absent in the Sichuan Basin and the southern part of this study area. Our shear velocity model clearly shows an upper crustal highvelocity body and two LVZs in the middle crust and middle-to-lower crust( 30 ~ 40 km depth) across the source area of the 2014 Ludian earthquake. Ludian earthquake sequences and the neighbouring Yongshan-Daguan seismic zone are distributed in the upper crustal high-velocity body. In contrast,no obvious intra-crustal low velocity zones( IC-LVZs) appear beneath the Jinggu earthquake and its adjacent areas. But low velocity anomalies are found in the upper crust beneath the Jinggu earthquake and its neighbouring Simao-Pu'er seismic zone,which may be due to a highly fractured and fluid-filled rock matrix that may have initiated the nucleation of the Jinggu earthquake.
A detailed 3D crust S-wave velocity model is derived from joint analysis of Rayleigh wave group velocity and teleseismic P-wave receiver functions at permanent stations on the southeast margin of Tibet plateau and its surrounding area. Our new models show the velocity structure in the crust beneath SE Tibet is strongly heterogeneous. There are strong lateral variations in crustal thickness,which increases gradually from 30 km in the south and east of Yunan to ~ 65 km in the SE Tibetan Plateau. Two obvious low velocity zones( LVZs) are revealed at various depths in the crust. The shallower LVZ in the middle crust( 15 ~ 20 km depth) are limited in the Tengchong volcano and Sichuan-Yunnan( Chuan-Dian) rhombus block. Another LVZ in the middle-to-lower crust varies between 25 and 40 km and it shallows toward the east and southeast and is absent in the Sichuan Basin and the southern part of this study area. Our shear velocity model clearly shows an upper crustal highvelocity body and two LVZs in the middle crust and middle-to-lower crust( 30 ~ 40 km depth) across the source area of the 2014 Ludian earthquake. Ludian earthquake sequences and the neighbouring Yongshan-Daguan seismic zone are distributed in the upper crustal high-velocity body. In contrast,no obvious intra-crustal low velocity zones( IC-LVZs) appear beneath the Jinggu earthquake and its adjacent areas. But low velocity anomalies are found in the upper crust beneath the Jinggu earthquake and its neighbouring Simao-Pu'er seismic zone,which may be due to a highly fractured and fluid-filled rock matrix that may have initiated the nucleation of the Jinggu earthquake.
引文
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刘启元,李昱,陈九辉,等.2010.基于贝叶斯理论的接收函数与环境噪声联合反演[J].地球物理学报,53(11):2603—2612.LIU Qi-yuan,LI Yu,CHEN Jiu-hui,et al.2010.Joint inversion of receiver function and ambient noise based onBayesian theory[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(11):2603—2612(in Chinese).
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吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.2004.云南地区中小地震震源机制及构造应力场研究[J].地震学报,26(5):457—465.WU Jian-ping,MING Yue-hong,WANG Chun-yong.2004.Source mechanism of small-moderate earthquakes andtectonic stress field in Yunnan Province[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,26(5):509—517(in Chinese).
吴建平,杨婷,王未来,等.2013.小江断裂带周边地区三维P波速度结构及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,56(7):2257—2267.WU Jian-ping,YANG Ting,WANG Wei-lai,et al.2013.Three dimensional P-wave velocity structure aroundXiaojiang Fault system and its tectonic implications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,56(7):2257—2267(inChinese).
吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃,等.2003.计算台站接收函数的最大熵谱反褶积方法[J].地震学报,25(4):382—389.WU Qing-ju,TIAN Xiao-bo,ZHANG Nai-ling,et al.2003.Receiver function estimated by maximum entropydeconvolution[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,25(4):382—389(in Chinese).
吴庆举,曾融生.1998.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,41(5):669—679.WU Qing-ju,ZENG Rong-sheng.1998.The crustal structure of Qinghai-Xizang plateau inferred from broadbandteleseismic waveform[J].Chinese J Geophys,41(5):669—679(in Chinese).
徐涛,张明辉,田小波,等.2014.丽江—清镇剖面上地壳速度结构及其与鲁甸MS6.5地震孕震环境的关系[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3069—3079.XU Tao,ZHANG Ming-hui,TIAN Xiao-bo,et al.2014.Upper crustal velocity of Lijiang-Qingzhen profile and itsrelationship with the seismogenic environment of the MS6.5 Ludian earthquake[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,57(9):3069—3079(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,江国焰,于贵华,等.2014.鲁甸6.5级地震发震断层判定及其构造属性讨论[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3060—3068.XU Xi-wei,JIANG Guo-yan,YU Gui-hua,et al.2014.Discussion on seismogenic fault of the Ludian MS6.5earthquake and its tectonic attribution[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(9):3060—3068(in Chinese).
张晓曼,胡家富,胡毅力,等.2011.云南壳幔S波速度结构与强震的构造背景[J].地球物理学报,54(5):1222—1232.ZHANG Xiao-man,HU Jia-fu,HU Yi-li,et al.2011.The S-wave velocity structure in the crust and upper mantle aswell as the tectonic setting of strong earthquake beneath Yunnan region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,54(5):1222—1232(in Chinese).
Ammon C J,Randall G E,Zandt G.1990.On the non-uniqueness of receiver function inversions[J].J GeophysRes,95(B10):15303—15318.
Bai D H,Unsworth M J,Meju M A,et al.2010.Crustal deformation of the eastern Tibetan Plateau revealed bymagnetotelluric imaging[J].Nature Geoscience,3:358—362.
Chen Chau-huei,Wang Wei-hau,Teng Ta-liang.2001.3D velocity structure around the source area of the 1999 ChiChi,Taiwan,earthquake:Before and after the mainshock[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,91(5):1013—1027.
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