北京地区地壳精细结构的深地震反射剖面探测研究
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摘要
长度100 km、NW向穿过三河-平谷8.0级地震区和北京地区主要断裂构造的深地震反射剖面,揭示了该区地壳精细结构图像和断裂的深浅构造特征.结果表明,该区地壳以TWT6-7 s左右的强反射带为界分为上地壳和下地壳,上地壳厚约18-21 km,下地壳厚约13-1 5 km.剖面TWT3-4s以上,反射层位丰富,构造形态清晰,且在剖面上具有明显不同的构造特征;在三河平谷地震区以西,剖面揭示了2-3组反射能量较强的反射震相和一系列错断基底面的断裂,在三河-平谷地震区以东,为一套自东向西倾伏的密集强反射层,这套反射具有典型的沉积盆地特征,盆地最深处约为8-9 km.剖面揭示的地壳深断裂倾角陡直,该断裂切割、扰动了下地壳物质和壳幔过渡带,向上延伸至上地壳,将地壳深部构造与浅部断裂联系在一起,构成了该区最主要的深浅构造特征.
The fine crustal structure and deep-shallow tectonic features of Beijing region are explored by using a 100 km long,NW-trending deep seismic reflection profile. This profile passed through the Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake (M8. 0) area and main faults in Beijing region. The results show that the crust beneath the investigated area is divided into upper and lower crust by a strong reflective zone at about 6-7 s TWT. The thickness of the upper and lower crust is about 18- 21 km and 13-15 km, respectively. There are rich reflective layers and clear structural patterns above 3-4 s TWT as well as obviously different structural features along the profile. In the western region of Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area, the stacked deep seismic reflection section shows 2-3 groups of strong reflective layers and a series of basement faults. In the eastern region of Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area, there is a set of dense, westward-dipping, reflective strata with relatively strong energy, which have the typical characteristics of sedimentary basin. The largest depth of the sedimentary basin is about 8-9 km. The crustal deep fault revealed by deep seismic reflection profile has a steep fault plane, and it cuts and disturbs the lower crust and crust-mantle transitional zone. This deep fault extends upwards into the upper crust, and joins the crustal deep structure to the shallow fault. The profile reveals that the deep-shallow fault system represents the major deep-shallow tectonic feature in the study region.
The fine crustal structure and deep-shallow tectonic features of Beijing region are explored by using a 100 km long,NW-trending deep seismic reflection profile. This profile passed through the Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake (M8. 0) area and main faults in Beijing region. The results show that the crust beneath the investigated area is divided into upper and lower crust by a strong reflective zone at about 6-7 s TWT. The thickness of the upper and lower crust is about 18- 21 km and 13-15 km, respectively. There are rich reflective layers and clear structural patterns above 3-4 s TWT as well as obviously different structural features along the profile. In the western region of Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area, the stacked deep seismic reflection section shows 2-3 groups of strong reflective layers and a series of basement faults. In the eastern region of Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area, there is a set of dense, westward-dipping, reflective strata with relatively strong energy, which have the typical characteristics of sedimentary basin. The largest depth of the sedimentary basin is about 8-9 km. The crustal deep fault revealed by deep seismic reflection profile has a steep fault plane, and it cuts and disturbs the lower crust and crust-mantle transitional zone. This deep fault extends upwards into the upper crust, and joins the crustal deep structure to the shallow fault. The profile reveals that the deep-shallow fault system represents the major deep-shallow tectonic feature in the study region.
引文
1) 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心.城市活断层试验探测高分辨地震折射探测工作报告.2007
[1] 高文学,马 瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.北京:地震出版社,1993． 3-51 Gao W X, Ma J. Seismo-geologieal Background and Earthquake Hazard in Beijing Area (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 1993． 3-51
[2] 孙若昧,刘福田.京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生-Ⅰ.P波速度结构.地球物理学报.1996,38(5) :599-607 Sun R M, Liu F T. Crust structures and strong earthquakes in the Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan arca: T . P wave velocity structure. Chinese J. Geophys. ( in Chinese) . 1995,38(5) :599-607
[3] 孙若昧,赵燕来,吴 丹.京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生-Ⅱ.S波速度结构.地球物理学报.1996,39(3) :347-355 Sun R M, Zhao Y L, Wu D. Crust structures and strong earthquakes in the Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan area:Ⅱ.S wave velocity structure. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),1996,39(3) :347-355
[4] 王夫运,张先康,陈棋福等.北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像.地球物理学报,2005． 48(2) :359-366 Wang F Y, Zhang X K, Chen Q F, et al. Fine tomographic inversion of the upper crust 3-D structure around Beijing. Chinese J. Geophys, (in Chinese), 2005． 48(2) :359-366
[5] 赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.利用宽角反射/折射和深反射探测剖面揭示三河-平谷大震区深部结构特征地球物理学报,2004,47(4) :646-653 Zhao J R, Zhang X K, Zhang C K, et al. Deep structural features of the Sanhe-Pinggu great earthquake area imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese). 2004 .47(4) :646-653
[6] 赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.香河-北京-涿鹿及其相邻地区壳幔构造与速度结构特征.地震地质,1999,21(1) :29-36 Zhan J R, Zhang X K, Zhang C K, et al. The crust-mantle tectonics and velocity structure characteristics in Xianghe-Beijing-Zhuolu and its adjacent areas. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 1999,21( 1) :29-36
[7] 张先康,赵金仁,刘国华等.三河-平谷8． 0级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究.中国地震,2002,18(4) : 326-336Zhang X K, Zhao J R, Liu G H, et al. Study on fine crustal structure of the Sanhe-Pinggu Earthquake (M8． 0) region by deep seismic reflection profiling. Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese), 2002,18(4) :326-336
[8] Fuis G S. Images of crust beneath south California will aid study of earthquakes and their effects. EOS AGU, 1996,77(4) :173-176
[9] Fuis G S, Ryberg T, Lutter W J. Seismic mapping of shallow fault zones in the San Gabriel Mountains from the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment, Southern California. J.Geophys.Res. , 2001,106(B4) : 6549-6568
[10] 姚保华,章振铨,王家林等.上海地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :482-491 Yao B H, Zhang Z Q, Wang J L, et al. Prospecting and research on fine crustal structure by using multi-geophysics survey methods in Shanghai region. Chinese J. Geopkys. (in Chinese), 2007,50(2) :482-491
[11] 徐锡伟,马文涛,于贵华等.华北平原北部最新构造变动环境及其构造模式--三河-平谷地震断层深浅构造关系分析.见:卢演俦等主编.新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社,2001． 267-281 Xu X W, Ma W T, Yu G H, et al. The background of most recent tectonic events in the northern North China plain and its structural pattern-Analysis of correlation between shallow and deep structures along the Sanhe-Pinggu seismic-fault. In: Lu Y C eds. Recent Tectonics and Environment (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 2001． 267-281
[12] 渥·伊尔马滋.黄绪德,袁明德译.地震数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社,1994 Yilmaz O. Huang X D, Yuan M D trans. Seismic Data Processing (in Chinese). Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,1994
[13] 王帅军,张先康,张成科等.武清-北京-赤城二维地壳结构和构造.地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1769-1777 Wang S J, Zhang X K, Zhang C K, et al. 2-D crustal structures along Wuqing-Beijing-Chicheng deep seismic sounding profile. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007,50(6) :1769-1777
[14] 彭一民,李鼎荣,谢振钊等.北京平原区同生断裂的某些特征及其研究意义.地震地质,1981,3(2) :57-64 Peng Y M, Li D R, Xie Z Z, et al. Some features of contemporaneous faults in Beijing plain and their significance.Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 1981,3(2) :57-64
[15] 张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋等.延庆怀来地区地壳精细结构--利用深地震反射剖面.地球物理学报,1996,39(3) :356-364 Zhang X K, Wang C Y, Liu G D, et al. Fine crustal structure in Yanqing-Huailai region by deep seismic reflection Profiling. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 1996 , 39 ( 3) :356-364
[16] 王椿镛,王贵美,林中洋等.用深地震反射方法研究邢台地震区地壳细结构.地球物理学报,1993,36(4) :445-451 Wang C Y, Wang G M, Lin Z Y, et al. A study on fine crustal structure in Xingtai earthquake area based on deep seismic reflection profiling. Chinese J. Geophys. ( in Chinese), 1993 ,36(4) : 445-451
[17] 向宏发,方仲景,张晚霞等.北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动特征的联合剖面研究.地震地质,1995,18(1) :75-79 Xiang H F, Fang Z J, Zhang W X, et al. Joint profile survey of active features for the late quaternary subsurface faults in Beijing plane region. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese),1995,18(1) :75-79
[18] 徐锡伟,计风桔,于贵华等.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究.地震地质,2000,22(1) :9-19 Xu X W, Ji F J, Yu G H, et al. Reconstruction of paleoearthquake sequence using stratigraphic section from drill logs: a study at the Xiadian fault, Hebei. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,2000,22(1) :9-19
[1] 高文学,马 瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.北京:地震出版社,1993． 3-51 Gao W X, Ma J. Seismo-geologieal Background and Earthquake Hazard in Beijing Area (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 1993． 3-51
[2] 孙若昧,刘福田.京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生-Ⅰ.P波速度结构.地球物理学报.1996,38(5) :599-607 Sun R M, Liu F T. Crust structures and strong earthquakes in the Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan arca: T . P wave velocity structure. Chinese J. Geophys. ( in Chinese) . 1995,38(5) :599-607
[3] 孙若昧,赵燕来,吴 丹.京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生-Ⅱ.S波速度结构.地球物理学报.1996,39(3) :347-355 Sun R M, Zhao Y L, Wu D. Crust structures and strong earthquakes in the Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan area:Ⅱ.S wave velocity structure. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),1996,39(3) :347-355
[4] 王夫运,张先康,陈棋福等.北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像.地球物理学报,2005． 48(2) :359-366 Wang F Y, Zhang X K, Chen Q F, et al. Fine tomographic inversion of the upper crust 3-D structure around Beijing. Chinese J. Geophys, (in Chinese), 2005． 48(2) :359-366
[5] 赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.利用宽角反射/折射和深反射探测剖面揭示三河-平谷大震区深部结构特征地球物理学报,2004,47(4) :646-653 Zhao J R, Zhang X K, Zhang C K, et al. Deep structural features of the Sanhe-Pinggu great earthquake area imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese). 2004 .47(4) :646-653
[6] 赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.香河-北京-涿鹿及其相邻地区壳幔构造与速度结构特征.地震地质,1999,21(1) :29-36 Zhan J R, Zhang X K, Zhang C K, et al. The crust-mantle tectonics and velocity structure characteristics in Xianghe-Beijing-Zhuolu and its adjacent areas. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 1999,21( 1) :29-36
[7] 张先康,赵金仁,刘国华等.三河-平谷8． 0级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究.中国地震,2002,18(4) : 326-336Zhang X K, Zhao J R, Liu G H, et al. Study on fine crustal structure of the Sanhe-Pinggu Earthquake (M8． 0) region by deep seismic reflection profiling. Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese), 2002,18(4) :326-336
[8] Fuis G S. Images of crust beneath south California will aid study of earthquakes and their effects. EOS AGU, 1996,77(4) :173-176
[9] Fuis G S, Ryberg T, Lutter W J. Seismic mapping of shallow fault zones in the San Gabriel Mountains from the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment, Southern California. J.Geophys.Res. , 2001,106(B4) : 6549-6568
[10] 姚保华,章振铨,王家林等.上海地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :482-491 Yao B H, Zhang Z Q, Wang J L, et al. Prospecting and research on fine crustal structure by using multi-geophysics survey methods in Shanghai region. Chinese J. Geopkys. (in Chinese), 2007,50(2) :482-491
[11] 徐锡伟,马文涛,于贵华等.华北平原北部最新构造变动环境及其构造模式--三河-平谷地震断层深浅构造关系分析.见:卢演俦等主编.新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社,2001． 267-281 Xu X W, Ma W T, Yu G H, et al. The background of most recent tectonic events in the northern North China plain and its structural pattern-Analysis of correlation between shallow and deep structures along the Sanhe-Pinggu seismic-fault. In: Lu Y C eds. Recent Tectonics and Environment (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 2001． 267-281
[12] 渥·伊尔马滋.黄绪德,袁明德译.地震数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社,1994 Yilmaz O. Huang X D, Yuan M D trans. Seismic Data Processing (in Chinese). Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,1994
[13] 王帅军,张先康,张成科等.武清-北京-赤城二维地壳结构和构造.地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1769-1777 Wang S J, Zhang X K, Zhang C K, et al. 2-D crustal structures along Wuqing-Beijing-Chicheng deep seismic sounding profile. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007,50(6) :1769-1777
[14] 彭一民,李鼎荣,谢振钊等.北京平原区同生断裂的某些特征及其研究意义.地震地质,1981,3(2) :57-64 Peng Y M, Li D R, Xie Z Z, et al. Some features of contemporaneous faults in Beijing plain and their significance.Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 1981,3(2) :57-64
[15] 张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋等.延庆怀来地区地壳精细结构--利用深地震反射剖面.地球物理学报,1996,39(3) :356-364 Zhang X K, Wang C Y, Liu G D, et al. Fine crustal structure in Yanqing-Huailai region by deep seismic reflection Profiling. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 1996 , 39 ( 3) :356-364
[16] 王椿镛,王贵美,林中洋等.用深地震反射方法研究邢台地震区地壳细结构.地球物理学报,1993,36(4) :445-451 Wang C Y, Wang G M, Lin Z Y, et al. A study on fine crustal structure in Xingtai earthquake area based on deep seismic reflection profiling. Chinese J. Geophys. ( in Chinese), 1993 ,36(4) : 445-451
[17] 向宏发,方仲景,张晚霞等.北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动特征的联合剖面研究.地震地质,1995,18(1) :75-79 Xiang H F, Fang Z J, Zhang W X, et al. Joint profile survey of active features for the late quaternary subsurface faults in Beijing plane region. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese),1995,18(1) :75-79
[18] 徐锡伟,计风桔,于贵华等.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究.地震地质,2000,22(1) :9-19 Xu X W, Ji F J, Yu G H, et al. Reconstruction of paleoearthquake sequence using stratigraphic section from drill logs: a study at the Xiadian fault, Hebei. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,2000,22(1) :9-19
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