2010年玉树地震(Ms7.1)地表破裂特征、破裂机制与破裂过程
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
2010年4月14日,青海省玉树地区发生Ms7.1级地震,造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。地震发生后,我们对地震地表破裂带进行了详细的考察,并对同震位移量进行了精确的测量。根据野外考察和测量的结果,对玉树地震的地表破裂特征、同震位移量及其分布特征进行了分析,并对地震的破裂机制和破裂过程进行了探讨,取得如下认识:(1)玉树地震形成了沿鲜水河断裂带西北段(甘孜-玉树断裂)分布的东、西两条地表破裂带,西段破裂带分布在微观震中附近的隆宝湖拉分盆地中,长约19km;东段破裂带沿扎曲河南岸及巴塘河西岸山坡展布,长度约31km;上述两条破裂带之间存在约15km的地表破裂空区;(2)野外测量获得玉树地震的最大同震位移量为2.3m,位于东段地表破裂带中部郭央烟宋多附近;(3)地表破裂和野外构造地貌特征均反映了发震断层处于走滑伸展环境,断层左旋走滑过程中伴随正断作用;(4)地震波反演结果和地表破裂分布特征表明,玉树地震的破裂过程包括两次子事件,分别在地表形成了隆宝湖破裂带和扎曲河、巴塘河破裂带,隆宝湖及玉树县城西侧的山间谷地是在甘孜-玉树断裂长期活动的破裂带阶区转换拉张过程中形成的两个拉分盆地。
On 14 April 2010,an earthquake(Ms7.1) happened in the Yushu region,Qinghai Province,causing large casualties and property losses.After the earthquake,we carried out a detailed investigation of the earthquake surface rupture zone,and accurately measured co-seismic displacements.Based on our field investigation and measurements,the characteristics of the Yushu earthquake surface ruptures and coseismic displacements and their distribution pattern were analyzed.The earthquake rupture mechanism and the rupture process were discussed.According to our research,the following understandings were obtained:(1) The Yushu earthquake produced two surface ruptures along the northwest section of the Xianshuihe fault(Ganzi-Yushu fault).The western surface rupture is located in the Longbao lake pull-apart basin near the micro-epicenter,and is about 19km long.The eastern surface rupture is located along the hillsides south of Zhaqu river and the west of the Batang river,and is about 31km long.There is a ~15km gap between the former two segments of the surface rupture zone.(2) Field measurements show that the maximum coseismic displacement for the Yushu earthquake is 2.3m,located at the center of the eastern surface rupture,near the Guoyangyansongduo village.(3) The characteristics of the surface rupture as well as field tectonic geomorphology indicate that the ruptured fault is developed in transtensional setting.Tension normal fault developed during the sinistral strike-slip process of the fault.(4) Seismic data invertion result and the distribution of the surface rupture show that the Yushu earthquake consist of two sub-events,which formed the Longbao lake surface rupture zone and Zhaqu river-Batang river surface rupture zone,respectively.The valley west of Yushu City and the Longbao Lake are both pull-apart basins formed during the transtension activity of the fault.
引文
Allen CR,Luo ZL,Qian H,Wen XZ,Zhou HW and Huang WS.1991.Field study of a highly active fault zone:The Xianshuihe fault ofsouthwestern China.Geological Society of America Bulletin,103:1178-1199
    Chen LC,Wang H,Ran YK et al.2010.The Ms7.1Yushu earthquakesurface ruptures and historical earthquakes.Chinese ScienceBulletin,55(31):3504-3509,DOI:10.1007/s11434-010-4079-2
    Chen YT's Research Group.2010.Fast report of the focal mechanics andrupture process for14April2010Yushu,Qinghai,Earthquake(V4).http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c-2ba0111c5c558b00001/content/1004/17/1271488288058.html(in Chinese)
    Chen ZW,Yang PX,Li ZM and Li JJ.2010.Characteristics of Ms7.1Yushu earthquake fault and the surface rupture.QuaternarySciences,30(3):628-631(in Chinese with English abstract)
    Guo HD,Wang XY,Li XW,Liu G,Zhang L and Yan SY.2010a.Yushu earthquake synergic analysis study using multimodel SARdatasets.Chinese Science Bulletin,55(31):3499-3503,DOI:10.1007/s11434-010-4078-3
    Guo HD,Zhang B,Lei LP,Zhang L and Chen Y.2010b.Spatialdistribution and inducement of collapsed buildings in Yushuearthquake based on remote sensing analysis.Science China(EarthSciences),53(6):794-796,DOI:10.1007/s11430-010-4005-0
    Li MF,Xing CQ,Cai CX et al.1995.Research on activity of Yushufault.Seismology and Geology,17(3):218-224(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
    Lin AM,Rao G,Jia D,Wu XJ,Yan B and Ren ZK.2011.Co-seismicstrike-slip surface rupture and displacement produced by the2010Mw6.9Yushu earthquake,China,and implications for Tibetantectonics.Journal of Geodynamics,52(3-4):249-259,doi:10.1016/j.jog.2011.01.001.
    Liu C,Xu LS and Chen YT.2010.Quick moment tensor solution for14April2010Yushu,Qinghai,earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica,32(3):366-368(in Chinese with English abstract)
    Ma J,Ma SL and Lei XL.1989.Fault geometry and its relationship withseismicity in the Xianshuihe fault zone.Physics and Chemistry of theEarth,17:131-142
    Molnar P and Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects ofa continental collision.Science,189:419-426
    Peng H,Ma XM,Bai JQ and Du DP.2006.Characteristics ofQuaternary activities of the Garzê-Yushu fault zone.Journal ofGeomechanics,12(3):295-304(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
    Rao G,Lin AM,Yan B,Jia D,Wu XJ and Ren ZK.2011.Co-seismicRiedel shear structures produced by the2010Mw6.9Yushuearthquake,central Tibetan Plateau,China.Tectonophysics,507(1-4):86-94
    Shen Q,Qiao XJ,Wang Q,Zhang JF,Tan K and Yang SM.2010.Characteristic analysis of coseismic deformation of Yushu Mw6.9earthquake from InSAR images.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics,30(3):5-9(in Chinese with English abstract)
    Sun XZ,Xu XW,Chen LC et al.2010.Characteristics of surface ruptureof the Ms7.1Yushu,Qinghai Province earthquake at tworepresentative places.Seismology and Geology,32(2):338-344(in Chinese with English abstract)
    Tapponnier P and Molnar P.1977.Active faulting and tectonics inChina.Journal of Geophysical Research,82(20):2905-2930
    Tobita M,Nishimura T,Kobayashi T,Hao KXS and Shindo Y.2011.Estimation of coseismic deformation and a fault model of the2010Yushu earthquake using PALSAR interferometry data.Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,307(3-4):430-438
    Wang E and Burchfiel BC.2000.Late Cenozoic to Holocene deformationin southwestern Sichuan and adjacent Yunnan,China,and its role information of the southeastern part of the Tibetan plateau.GeologicalSociety of America Bulletin,112:413-423
    Wang H,Liu J,Shi YL,Zhang H and Zhang GM.2008.Dynamicsimulation of interactions between major earthquakes on theXianshuihe fault zone.Science in China(Series D),51(10):1388-1400
    Wang SF,Fan C,Wang G and Wang E.2008a.Late Cenozoicdeformation along the northwestern continuation of the Xianshuihefault system,eastern Tibetan plateau.Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,120(3/4):312-327
    Wang SF,Wang E,Fang XM and Fu BH.2008b.Late Cenozoicsystematic left-lateral stream deflections along the Ganzi-Yushu fault,Xianshuihe fault system,eastern Tibet.International GeologyReview,50(7):624-635
    Wang WM,Zhao LF and Yao ZX.2010.Preliminary result of the ruptureprocess of Yushu earthquake(Ms7.1),April14th2010.http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/14/1271250817270.html(in Chinese)
    Wen XZ,Huang SM and Jiang ZX.1985.Neotectonic features of theGanzi-Yushu fault zone and assessment of its earthquake risk.Seismology and Geology,7(3):23-32(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
    Wen XZ,Xu XW,Zheng RZ,Xie YQ and Wan C.2003.Average slip-rate and recent large earthquake ruptures along the Garzê-Yushufault.Science in China(Series D),46(z2):276-288
    Wu FY,Li HB,Pan JW,Li N,Guo RQ and Zhang W.2011.Co-seismic surface rupture of2010Yushu earthquake(Ms7.1)and itscorrelation with mountain uplift.Geological Bulletin of China,30(4):612-623(in Chinese with English abstract)
    Xu LS,Di HB,Feng WP and Li CL.2010.Estimation of the fault-nearground motion of the2010Yushu,Qinghai,Ms7.1earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(6):1366-1373(in Chinesewith English abstract)
    Zhang GF,Qu CY,Shan XJ,Liu YH and Song XG.2011.The surfacerupture and coseismic eformation characteristics of the Ms7.1earthquake at Qinghai Yushu in2010.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,54(1):121-127(in Chinese with English abstract)
    Zhang GM,Ma HS,Wang H and Wang XL.2005.Boundaries betweenactive-tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the China mainland.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,48(3):602-610(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
    Zhang PZ,Deng QD,Zhang GM et al.2003.Active tectonic blocks andstrong earthquakes in continental of China.Science in China(SeriesD),46(Suppl.2):13-24
    Zhang Y,Xu LS and Chen YT.2010.Fast inversion of the ruptureprocess for14April2010Yushu,Qinghai earthquake.ActaSeismologica Sinica,32(3):361-365(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
    Zhang YS,Ma YS,Hu DG,Yang N,Xiong TY and Guo CB.2010.Investigation and Research on the surface rupture of the Yushuearthquake and reconstruction site selection.Acta Geologica Sinica,84(5):593-605(in Chinese with English abstract)
    Zhou RJ,Xing CQ and Cai CX.1996.Late Quaternary active features ofthe Ganzi-Yushu fault zone.Earthquake Research in China,12(3):250-260(in Chinese with English abstract)
    Zhou RJ,Wen XZ,Cai CX and Ma SH.1997.Recent earthquakes andassessment of seismic tendency on the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone.Seismology and Geology,19(2):115-124(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
    陈立春,王虎,冉勇康等.2010.玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震.科学通报,55(13):1200-1205
    陈运泰研究小组.2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震震源机制和破裂过程快报(第四版).http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c-2ba0111c5c558b00001/content/1004/17/1271488288058.html
    陈正位,杨攀新,李智敏,李家辑.2010.玉树7.1级地震断裂特征与地震地表破裂带.第四纪研究,30(3):628-631
    郭华东,王心源,李新武,刘广,张露,阎世勇.2010a.多模式SAR玉树地震协同分析.科学通报,55(13):1195-1199
    郭华东,张兵,雷莉萍,张丽,陈玉.2010b.玉树地震高倒塌率建筑物及诱因:遥感认识.中国科学(地球科学),40(5):538-540
    李闽峰,邢成起,蔡长星等.1995.玉树断裂活动性研究.地震地质,17(3):218-224
    刘超,许力生,陈运泰.2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震快速矩张量解.地震学报,32(3):366-368
    彭华,马秀敏,白嘉启,杜德平.2006.甘孜玉树断裂带的第四纪活动特征.地质力学学报,12(3):295-304
    沈强,乔学军,王琪,张景发,谭凯,杨少敏.2010.中国玉树Mw6.9地震InSAR地表形变特征分析.大地测量与地球动力学,30(3):5-9
    孙鑫喆,徐锡伟,陈立春等.2010.青海玉树Ms7.1地震两个典型地点的地表破裂特征.地震地质,32(2):338-344
    王辉,刘杰,石耀霖,张怀,张国民.2008.鲜水河断裂带强震相互作用的动力学模拟研究.中国科学(D辑),38(7):808-818
    王卫民,赵连锋,姚振兴.2010.2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震震源破裂过程初步结果.http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/14/1271250817270.html
    闻学泽,黄圣睦,江在雄.1985.甘孜-玉树断裂带的新构造特征与地震危险性估计.地震地质,7(3):23-32
    闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,谢英情,万创.2003.甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂.中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):199-208
    吴富峣,李海兵,潘家伟,李宁,郭瑞强,张伟.2011.2010年青海玉树地震(Ms7.1)同震地表破裂及其与山脉隆升的关系.地质通报,30(4):612-623
    许力生,邸海滨,冯万鹏,李春来.2010.2010年青海玉树Ms7.1地震近断层地面运动估计.地球物理学报,53(6):1366-1373
    张桂芳,屈春燕,单新建,刘云华,宋小刚.2011.2010年青海玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂带和形变特征分析.地球物理学报,54(1):121-127
    张国民,马宏生,王辉,王新岭.2005.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动.地球物理学报,48(3):602-610
    张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震破裂过程快速反演.地震学报,32(3):361-365
    张永双,马寅生,胡道功,杨农,熊探宇,郭长宝.2010.玉树地震地表破裂调查与灾后重建避让选址研究.地质学报,84(5):593-605
    周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星.1996.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征.中国地震,12(3):250-260
    周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星,马声浩.1997.甘孜-玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计.地震地质,19(2):115-124

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心